基于SD模型的中山市水资源系统特征及其演变规律分析

当前水资源安全问题日趋严重,了解水资源系统特征及其演变规律对解决水资源安全问题有着重要指导意义。本文利用系统动力学(SD)方法建立水资源系统模型,并以广东省中山市为研究对象分析其水资源系统各制约因素,寻求系统主要驱动因子及其在这些因子驱动作用下系统的演变规律。研究结果表明:①工业污水排放系数、污水集中处理率、GDP增长率和污水回用率为中山市水资源系统主要驱动因子;②适当提高污水集中处理率和降低工业污水排放系数有利于中山市经济健康快速发展;③缺水程度受GDP增长率的影响较大,当GDP增长率分别提高5%、10%、15%和20%时,相应缺水程度分别达到4.5%、7%、10%和13%,而污水回用率的提高对于缺水程度的改善有着显著效果。研究成果可为中山市水资源管理提供参考与科学依据。     

朱溪河流域侵蚀景观格局变化随坡度分异研究

基于高精度DEM和两期土壤侵蚀强度分布图,在ARCGIS9.0和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS3.3的支持下,计算出1994年和2003年两个年份朱溪河流域不同坡度等级下的景观格局指数并作对比分析.结果表明:不同坡度等级内的各景观类型结构变化存在较大差异;在景观水平上,侵蚀景观格局变化呈较明显的坡度分异特征.随着坡度增加,香农多样性指数和均匀度指数均先增后减,最大变化率均在坡度大于35°等级上;而最大斑块指数先减小,后增大,然后又减小,变化幅度最大值在坡度小于5°等级上.在各坡度等级上的各景观类型最大斑块指数变化值无明显的坡度分异特征.人类活动的干预,是驱动该流域侵蚀景观格局变化的主要驱动因素.     

陕西省渭河流域水沙变化分析

从流域概况、降雨、径流、输沙等方面,对90年代以来渭河降水减少、人类活动影响以及入境水量减少等因素的统计分析,提出了渭河流域水沙变化的特性及影响水沙减少的因素.     

Negotiations of cultural identities by Indian women engineering students in US engineering programmes

The paper analyses the identities of Indian women engineers in the gendered organizational context of US engineering programmes. Participant narratives discuss the ways in which women are subjected to identity struggles in India due to gendered patrifocal norms that impose structural, societal, and familial pressures on women. Subsequently, when these women enter US engineering programmes, they encounter a highly masculine organizational and cultural space. Participants discuss identity dislocations, transformations, and assimilation as they seek to meld into the existing structures and find a career trajectory. I draw upon liminality theory to explore the cultural transitions, identity restructuring, and negotiations of Indian women engineers, navigating the intersections of competing and intersecting cultural norms of gender and engineering in India and the US, work, and family. The findings indicate the layers of gendered ideology that constitute engineering education in India and the US, the societal pressures of marriage and family rooted in patrifocal Indian norms, the barriers to finding an engineering job, the resources within the structures that support women, and the identification of patriarchy as the enactment of agency and as a site for change.     

老年人人体测量学参数与滑动摔倒危险性的关系

摘要：目的：摔倒是目前世界范围内老年人群身体健康所面临的一个主要威胁。然而对于老年人人体测量学参数与摔倒危险之间关系的研究很少。通过对老年人进行滑倒模拟测试,来确定人体测量学参数与摔倒的关系。方法：187名健康老年人在美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校临床步态和运动分析实验室参加了滑动测试。实验采集了受试者的人体测量学参数（身高、体重和足长）以及年龄和性别指标。所有受试者在一个安装有滑板装置的7 m长跑道上完成数次正常行走后,经历了一次事先未知的滑动,测试过程中有护具保证其安全。结果：测试中98名(52.4%)受试者摔倒,89名能够恢复正常步态。女性比男性(79% vs. 58%, P < 0.01)受试者,肥胖组比非肥胖组(39% vs. 20%, P < 0.01)老年人,身高低(P < 0.01)和足长小(P< 0.01)的老年人更容易发生摔倒。通过多元回归分析得到身体质量指数（BMI）、性别和身高是摔倒的危险因素。另外,身高与性别具有显著性交互作用。结论：研究结果表明女性、身高低、肥胖者（BMI> 30 kg/m2）以及足长小的老年人发生摔倒的危险性较大。     

重庆市体育专业学生学习状况的性别差异分析

通过自编问卷,随机对重庆市465名体育教育专业大学生进行调查,发现：在专业发展目标上,女生的知识取向明显高于男生,而能力取向明显低于男生;其中三年级是变化的关键期;男生学习状况、科研实践能力与发展目标的联系密切。极大地影响发展目标的确定,而女生的学习状况和科研实践则相对孤立、盲目,对发展目标的确定无直接影响。     

女性主义伦理学视野下道德教育的性别和谐

女性主义伦理学研究表明,道德是有“性别”之分的,男女两性在道德价值重心、思维方式和发展方式上均有差异。但道德教育理论和实践中客观存在的性别歧视,导致道德教育的性别失衡和性别冲突,从而限制了道德教育的发展。实现道德教育的性别和谐应该消除性别歧视,重新定义道德和有道德的人,使道德教育的核心概念包容女性气质。在此基础上,重建道德教育大厦,使其矗立于理性和情感的根基之上。     

‘At Some Point in the 1960s,Hell Disappeared’: Hell,Gender and Catholicism in Post-War England

This article explores changing understandings of Catholic hell in post-war England, focusing on how questions of sex and gender intersected with beliefs in the afterlife. It uses oral testimony from Catholic laypeople alongside the pronouncements of the clerical hierarchy to challenge the pervasive notion that ‘hell disappeared in the 1960s’. Hell did however, change in constitution during the post-war decades, transforming from a material ‘place’ to an abstract ‘state’ in the lay and institutional imagination. Rather than being about a straightforward ‘liberation’ from a coercive theology of damnation, the changing constitution of hell spoke of the way certain religious beliefs became re-categorised in late-modern England.     

Gender equality in the Olympic Movement: not a simple question,not a simple answer

This article explores the strategies followed by the International Olympic Committee for the achievement of gender equality. It is argued that this international body can go beyond simply adopting an equality of opportunities approach to gender equality. It suggests which other strategies can be incorporated for which it draws on the different ways of understanding gender equality in gender political theory.     

Three-Year Study of Students’ Attitudes Toward Physical Education: Grades 4–8

Purpose: A relationship exists between attitudes toward physical education and future physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in attitude toward physical education as students progressed from upper elementary school (Grade 4) through middle school (Grade 8). Method: Three cohorts of students (Cohort 1, Grades 4–6, n = 96; Cohort 2, Grades 5–7, n = 71; and Cohort 3, Grades 6–8, n = 73) were each followed for 3 years to examine changes in attitudes toward physical education. Results: After an initial increase from Grade 4 to Grade 5, a significant decrease was observed from Grades 5 to 8 in students’ positive attitudes toward physical education, with a faster rate of change for girls than boys. Conclusion: This longitudinal study provides further insights regarding the attitudes of students as they progress from Grade 4 to Grade 8 and expands on previous findings identifying decreasing positive attitudes toward physical education as students age, particularly for girls. The results provide evidence to support targeted interventions.