大都市边缘区域耕地数量变化的时空特征及动力机制——以广州市花都区为例

土地利用/土地覆盖变化已成为全球变化研究的核心领域和热点问题之一，其中大都市边缘区域耕地变化研究意义尤为重大。本研究利用广州市花都区近30年来的普查、更新调查和逐年统计数据，结合卫星影像资料和实地调研，在深入分析耕地数量变化时空特征基础上，重点对耕地变化影响因子进行灰色关联分析，揭示出：工业化及产业结构调整、人口增长及城市化分别构成全区耕地减少的第一、二驱动因子，经济对外开放对耕地数量变化的影响力不断加强，土地政策、土地规划、经济政策和行政区划等制度因子亦对耕地数量周期性变化产生重要影响。研究认为综合运用耕地保护管制和经济调节手段、建立土地资源节约型产业结构体系、加强建设用地规划与整理整治、促进集约用地和内涵式发展等是大都市边缘区域耕地变化调控的主要路径。     

跨界合作网络与专利产出的性别差异：基于中科院科研人员调查的实证研究

本文以中科院所属研究院所科研人员为主要调查对象，从跨界合作网络的视角出发，分析专利产出性别差异的社会网络机制。研究主要有3个发现：1.女性科研人员跨界合作网络规模和网络关系强度上均存在明显的欠缺；2.与企业界、其他学科领域合作网络规模和网络关系强度上的欠缺是影响专利产出性别差异的重要因素，而且网络关系强度的影响作用要大于网络规模的影响；3.性别对于跨界合作网络与专利产出关系的调节作用并不显著，即在拥有相同网络规模和网络关系强度的情况下，女性从与各类合作网络关系中获得专利产出回报的可能性与男性并无显著区别。与男性同事相比，女性的专利产出会更多地受到其他因素的影响，如职业早期的企业工作经历、单位组织的知识产权培训等。最后，在结果讨论的基础上提出在学术成果商业化新趋势下减少科技领域性别差异的政策建议。     

论性别平等在构建和谐社会中的重要意义

在建设社会主义和谐社会过程中人是建设和谐社会的主体，构建社会主义和谐社会是全社会的共同责任和奋斗目标，必须坚持以人为本。人类社会是男女共同构成的，构建和谐社会我们不能忽视占人口半教的女性的贡献。可是，我国当前的社会性别平等意识相对薄弱，与构建和谐社会的要求还有一定的距离。因此，实现社会性别平等对构建和谐社会具有重要的意义。     

Variation in Finnish students' understanding of Lutheranism and its implications for religious education: a phenomenographic study

This article contains the results of how a selected group of Finnish upper secondary students understand Lutheranism. The data consisted of 63 students' responses to a writing task together with complementary interviews of 11 students. The outcomes of phenomenographic analysis of variation in the students' understanding of Lutheranism are presented in five hierarchically ordered categories. The implications for religious education are discussed in terms of what teachers could learn from differences in students' understandings of the subject matter in order to enhance their learning of it.     

‘I don’t do the mothering role that lots of female teachers do’: male teachers,gender, power and social organisation

The present article reports on a research project investigating the experiences of male primary teachers in Queensland, Australia. While its findings cannot be presented as indicative of all male teachers in all contexts, it does, however, send a warning to policy‐makers that the employment of more male teachers may not be in the best interests of gender justice unless such strategies designed to attract more male teachers are informed by sophisticated understandings of gender and social power. Utilising a (pro) feminist post‐structuralist theoretical perspective, it is demonstrated how some male teachers contribute to the maintenance of segregated work roles, which is of central importance to the continuance of gender power differentials in a patriarchal society. The research method focused on social relationships and involved a series of semi‐structured/life history interviews with 11 male teachers, six female teachers, two male principals and two female principals. An important implication from this research is that the employment of male teachers must be accompanied by an awareness of how teacher practice impacts upon the socialisation of students and how such practice reinforces or contributes to change in the broader gender system.     

First steps toward gender equity in the chemistry Olympiad: Understanding the role of implicit gender‐science stereotypes

Girls are underrepresented in mathematical and science Olympiads, global informal learning activities which often serve as stepping stones for admission to top universities and future STEM careers. The present article aims to investigate the role of implicit gender‐science stereotypes on representation and achievement among participants of the German Chemistry Olympiad using a cross‐sectional online study (N = 445, mean age 16.5 years, 51% female) entailing the Implicit Association Test and two motivational scales. This study was the first of its kind to use moderated mediation analysis to examine the effects of gender‐science stereotypes on participation and achievement, mediated by the expectancy and value beliefs self‐concept and topic interest. We found that in the female group, gender‐science stereotypes negatively predicted the participants' willingness to continue in the competition. This relationship was mediated through topic interest. In addition, we found self‐concept predictive for further participation among female participants, as well as for competition score among both gender groups. Furthermore, topic interest positively predicted male participants' willingness to continue with the competition. The results underline the negative association of implicit gender stereotypes with female participation in the German Chemistry Olympiad. Organizations such as the German Chemistry Olympiad should therefore critically reflect on existing gender biases within their own structure. In doing so they can create an environment that has the potential to heighten self‐concept and interest for all participants equally. Our findings add to existing expectancy‐value research in the context of gender differences in mathematics and science, supporting potential strategies toward gender equity.     

Design of Paper-Based Visual Analogue Scale Items

Paper-based visual analogue scale (VAS) items were developed 100 years ago. Although they gained great popularity in clinical and medical research for assessing pain, they have been scarcely applied in other areas of psychological research for several decades. However, since the beginning of digitization, VAS have attracted growing interest among researchers for carrying out computerized and paper-based data assessments. In the present study, we investigated the research question “Which different design characteristics of paper-based VAS items are preferred by women and men?” Based on a sample of 115 participants (68 female), our results revealed that the respondents preferred a paper-based VAS item with a horizontal, 8-cm long, 3 DTP (“desktop publishing point”) wide, black line, with flat line endpoints, and the ascending numerical anchors “0” and “10”, both for women and men. Although we did not identify any gender difference in these characteristics, our findings uncovered clear preferences on how to design paper-based VAS items.     

‘I love Barbies … I am a Boy’: gender happiness for social justice education

This paper draws on findings from a two-year study of gender and gender transgression among school children and youth in rural Ontario, Canada conducted while running gender equity workshops for students aged 8–18 years, in which I asked participants to document what gender looked and felt like. Through writing prompts, pictures, discussion and theatre, roughly 600 participants had the opportunity to describe gender as well as responses to perceived transgressions of gender. In the course of this work, I became especially interested in the emotions identified by participants as being part of, or experienced through, their gender. In this paper, I focus on notions of happiness, enjoyment and fun, as described by participants in their responses. Happiness is a part of gender that is often overlooked in human rights definitions of gender identity and expression, as well as in the translation of legal discourse into a social justice-oriented curriculum. While participants in this study expressed a wide range of emotions, a focus on happiness offers insights into contemporary definitions of gender, as well as a potentially transformational curriculum for gender diversity.     

Gender segregation in the employment of higher education graduates

This article examines the employment and placement in the working life of Finnish higher education graduates (i.e. graduates from universities and polytechnics), focusing on gender equality. It reports a study on gender segregation in higher education and working life, considered in relation to Nordic gender equality policies. The data were gathered via a questionnaire administered to graduates in business and administration (n?=?1067) and in technology (n?=?1087), three years after their graduation. The results showed that men were able to secure permanent and full-time employment more often than women, and men achieved better correspondence between their degree and their employment. However, gender divergence manifested differently in polytechnics and universities; thus a higher (Master’s) university degree seemed to have a compensating influence on the effect of gender. Despite Nordic equality policies, female and male graduates were placed in the labour market according to tendences of gender segregation.     

性别、抑郁、自尊与体像评价：关于大学生体像的调查研究

从性别分析的角度 ,对大学生的体像评价及其与自尊、抑郁水平的关系进行了问卷调查。研究表明 :1.不同性别被访者在体像态度、体像评价、求瘦行为、减肥方式等方面存在显著差异 ;2 .低体像评价与低自尊、高抑郁水平之间存在显著相关性。