以与时俱进的科学发展观指导观照哲学走向问题--哲学体认:伴随自然科学现代化哲学现代化是历史的必然

尽管哲学的发展水平与自然科学发展水平经常出观较大程度的错位，然而，由于人的思维的本性作用，即人面对自然科学现代化的现实，必然要自觉地知以形而上的反思乃至哲学上的再造和创新。自然科学的现代化必然会带来人参与重塑现代哲学的自组织性，就哲学对自然科学的指导功能蕴舍的内驱力和自然科学现代化的趋向性而言，也将会敦促现代化哲学砬运而生？哲学与自然科学的复辰趋向在座标上是呈现着接近并向前延伸之波形的。这种趋向要求哲学或迟或旱地赶上时代的潮流，并蹙哲学与自然科学的现代比相适应。这一规律性体认则以与时俱进的科学发展观为指导从三方面作出阐述和论证。     

论科学的本质与科学教育

科学的本质是科学教育领域中的一个重要问题。本文从定义和内涵两个角度对科学的本质进行了分析和阐述。科学既是一种过程,同时也是一种结果。科学活动的过程和科学活动的结果是紧密结合在一起的。作为探究与思维的科学、作为态度与精神的科学、作为知识与能力的科学是科学内涵的三个重要体现。在对科学本质进行分析的基础上,本文进一步对科学教育的目标与内容、过程与方法进行了探讨。     

我国高中阶段普教职教的分设与合流

我国高中阶段普通教育和职业教育分设的办学模式，是在建国初期急需大量中初级技术人才这样一种特定历史条件下产生并沿袭下来的。从现在我国现实条件对教育的要求看，这种办学模式已不适应新的形势，况且它也违背了中学阶段的办学宗旨、培养目标和人才成长规律，造成人才培养的错位和教育资源的浪费。从中学阶段的培养目标、人才成长规律、素质教育要求和国际上高中阶段教育发展的潮流趋势以及我国现阶段和今后对人才的要求看，我国高中阶段教育应走普教、职教一体化道路，创立崭新的综合中学办学模式，在较高层面上树立一种新的教育理念，形成一种新的教育教学模式和新的课程结构。对中学阶段的学生，实行真正意义上的综合素质教育。     

Using a modified argument-driven inquiry to promote elementary school students’ engagement in learning science and argumentation

This study explored the effects of a modified argument-driven inquiry approach on Grade 4 students’ engagement in learning science and argumentation in Taiwan. The students were recruited as an experimental group (EG, n?=?36) to join a 12-week study, while another 36 Grade 4 students from the same schools were randomly selected to be the comparison group (CG). All participants completed a questionnaire at the beginning and end of this study. In addition, four target students with the highest and the other four students with the lowest pretest engagement in learning science or argumentation to be observed weekly and interviewed following the posttest. Initial results revealed that the EG students’ total engagement in learning science and argumentation and the claim and warrant components were significantly higher than the CG students. In addition, the EG students’ anxiety in learning science significantly decreased during the study; and their posttest total engagement in learning science scores were positively associated with their argumentation scores. Interview and observation results were consistent with the quantitative findings. Instructional implications and research recommendations are discussed.     

Outside school time: an examination of science achievement and non-cognitive characteristics of 15-year olds in several countries

Elementary and secondary students spend more hours outside of class than in formal school and thus have more time for interaction with everyday science. However, evidence from a large international survey, Program of International Student Assessment (PISA) (OECD 2012), found a negative relationship between number of hours attending after-school science and science assessment scores in many countries, raising questions about why. The secondary analysis of the 2006, 2009, and 2012 PISA surveys found that in most Western countries the longer students attended after-school science programs (in a typical week), the lower their PISA standardized science test score, but the higher their positive attitudes toward future science careers, interest in science, and self-confidence in science. Several potential hypotheses for this relationship are examined and rejected. Further analysis of a causal relationship between frequent attendance in after-school programs and student achievement and attitudes should clearly identify the content of the program so that the analysis could distinguish experiences closely related to regular school curricula from the informal science activities that are not. A new analysis also should include carefully designed longitudinal surveys to test the effectiveness of informal experiences on later life choices in career and study.     

关于“科学美”问题

消解人文学科的美学与自然科学边界所划定的"差异原则",是"科学美"这个老问题面临的新语境,这个新语境的特点表现为对学科中心主义的解构和反本质主义.但自然科学家关于"科学美"的论证存在理论误区和价值论错位:自然科学成果所带来的创造性愉悦与审美愉悦不可等同;而美学就其学科而言,其本身并不是美的,不是经验性实际审美的对象.美学的探求目的指向真,它带有所有理论学科共同的抽象性特点.     

针对混流装配生产的综合性开放实验教学探索

工业工程的学科特点决定了混流装配生产实验在教学中具有重要的作用。该文介绍了基于MES、针对多品种混流装配生产的综合开放实验组织和实施过程，以及所取得的教学效果，对于综合性开放实验的设计和实施提供了可以借鉴和参考的实践教学经验。     

影响与促动:科学思潮与"五四"小说的启蒙话语

科学知识的广泛传播以及科学救国风尚的盛行,引发了"五四"科学思潮的勃兴.当时崇尚科学的浓厚文化语境,既促发了"五四"小说家们利用民主思想对民众进行启蒙,又注重运用科学的精神与方法来达到启蒙的效用.提倡科学理性精神,以科学为武器消除民众愚昧落后的思想意识;唤其觉醒,而建立新的社会文明,是科学思潮对"五四"小说启蒙话语影响的重要体现.     

Nonscience majors learning science: A theoretical model of motivation

A theoretical model of nonscience majors' motivation to learn science was tested by surveying 369 students in a large‐enrollment college science course that satisfies a core curriculum requirement. Based on a social‐cognitive framework, motivation to learn science was conceptualized as having both cognitive and affective influences that foster science achievement. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the variables. The students' motivation, as measured by the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ), had a strong direct influence on their achievement, as measured by their science grade point average. The students' motivation was influenced by their belief in the relevance of science to their careers. This belief was slightly stronger in women than men. Essays by the students and interviews with them provided insight into their motivation. The model suggests that instructors should strategically connect science concepts to the careers of nonscience majors through such means as case studies to increase motivation and achievement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1088–1107, 2007     

模糊幂群的结构

引入了模糊核和广义模糊核的概念,系统地讨论了各类模糊幂群的结构,给出了一类模糊幂群的构造定理.