Health Worry,Physical Activity Participation,and Walking Difficulty Among Older Adults

This study examined the effect of health worry (i.e., cognitive aspect of anxiety resulting from concern for health) on walking difficulty in a nationally representative sample (N = 7,527) of older adults (M age = 76.83 years). The study further tested whether physical activity mediates the effect of health worry on walking difficulty in a 6-year follow-up design. Results of a mediation analysis using structural equation modeling showed that people with a high degree of health worry engaged in less physical activity (β = -.24, p < .001), and people who participated in less physical activity were more likely to report walking difficulty at the 6-year follow-up (β = -.22, p < .001). There was a significant indirect effect from health worry to walking difficulty through physical activity (β = .05, p < .001), controlling for demographic, psychosocial, and health related factors. Results suggested that inducing threat and worry may not be effective for physical activity promotion in the older population. More promising coping and regulation strategies are discussed.     

‘The helping,the fixtures,the kits,the gear,the gum shields,the food,the snacks,the waiting,the rain,the car rides … ’: social class,parenting and children's organised activities

ABSTRACT

Class-related parenting cultures and ideologies have been of considerable interest to academics over the last two decades. Much of the research thus far has focused on exploring Annette Lareau's conceptualisations of ‘natural growth’ and ‘concerted cultivation’ and the implications for outcomes in relation to education. The focus of the present article is organised activities, which are a central but as yet relatively under-researched feature of middle-class parenting. The findings are based upon 73 semi-structured interviews with parents and children from 48 middle-class families living in and around a small city in northern England. The article reveals that initiating and facilitating children's organised activities is considered a central aspect of ‘good’ parenting in middle-class social networks. It is shown how this is a consequence of several developments within society over the past three decades or so, including the rising levels of maternal employment, the growing competitiveness of the labour market and the increasing concerns related to children's health and safety. It is argued that these developments have heightened middle-class parents’ predisposition to not only be involved with and invest in their children's leisure biographies, but to do so in a more deliberate, rigorous and rational manner.     

Lowering the Cost Barrier to Higher Education for Undocumented Students: A Promising University-level Intervention

Undocumented students, many of Hispanic origin, face among the strictest cost barriers to higher education in the United States. Lack of legal status excludes them from most state and all federal financial aid programs. Furthermore, most states require them to pay out-of-state tuition rates at publicly supported institutions. In a new direction, boards of trustees at universities in several states have bypassed the legislative process to lower the cost barrier. This policy article evaluates one such university-level innovation.     

Homophobic and transphobic bullying: barriers and supports to school intervention

This study explores the perceived barriers and supports identified by school staff in tackling homophobic and transphobic bullying, using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model as a framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from five separate second-level/high schools (two designated disadvantaged schools, and three non-disadvantaged schools), within an area of Dublin, Ireland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the resulting data. Findings indicated that the main barriers in tackling homophobic and transphobic bullying included students’ perceived discomfort in discussing their sexuality with teachers, teachers’ discomfort in discussing issues (including an associated lack of training), a lack of priority given to these types of bullying, and parental views on homosexuality. Perceived supports included consistency in dealing with these types of bullying, appropriate training, and support from management. Relationships were also evidenced between some perceived barriers and supports, with the absence of these factors being perceived as a barrier, while their presence was perceived as a support. Findings are considered within the context of previous research. The strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, as are its practice implications, and implications for possible future research.     

Primary teachers’ experiences with weekly education outside the classroom during a year

The aim of the present study was through semi-structured interviews to explore udeskole teacher’s perceptions of motivational factors and challenges while teaching regularly outside the classroom on a weekly basis during a year. Six females and two male udeskole teachers participated and answered an interview guide containing five themes about their motivations, student relations, teaching experiences, challenges and recognition. Udeskole was perceived to have substantial potentials to improve both academic learning and life skills and ‘the common third’, i.e. teacher–pupil relations, was mentioned as a value added to the indoor teaching. Health and safety issues were not perceived as barriers.     

交际心理与口语教学

在英语学习中，影响交际能力的因素很多，有语言因素，还有非语言因素。其中，非语言因素中的心理因素，即交际心理对成功交际影响颇深。口语教学中，教师应积极引导学生树立自信心理，克服交际心理障碍，全面提高学生的交际能力。     

消除农产品绿色贸易壁垒的根本之路

绿色壁垒构成中国农产品出口一大障碍。它确有保护人类、动植物健康及环境的作用。要运用WTO的有关规则，解决因绿色壁垒引起的贸易争端，又要改善中国农业生产的生态环境，提高农产品质量，这既是消除绿色贸易壁垒的根本之路，也是实现中国农业可持续发展的必然选择。     

贸易摩擦问题研究的理论综述

随着中国在世界经济中地位的日益提高,遭受的贸易摩擦数量越来越多、范围越来越广,并向技术含量更高领域转移。特别是2008年金融危机以来,我国已成为遭受全球贸易摩擦最多的国家,进入了"国际贸易摩擦时代"。国际贸易摩擦一直是学界研究的重点问题,对此国内外学者有不同的见解。本文对研究贸易摩擦问题的理论进行了综述,以期对解决我国频繁遭受贸易摩擦问题、促进我国国际贸易的可持续发展有一定的借鉴作用。     

Validation and Use of an Instrument to Assess University-level Psychosocial Environment in Australian Universities

This article extends the field of learning environment research by reporting the validation and use of the University-Level Environment Questionnaire (ULEQ) which assesses institutional-level psychosocial environment in universities. The ULEQ has seven scales: Academic Freedom, Concern for Undergraduate Learning, Concern for Research and Scholarship, Empowerment, Affiliation, Mission Consensus and Work Pressure. The sample consisted of 489 academics from 52 departments in 28 Australian public universities. Validation data showed that scales of the ULEQ have satisfactory internal consistency, sensitivity to different department environments and minimal overlap. Results of three analyses conducted in this study illustrated the usefulness of the ULEQ. Significant differences between three types of universities were revealed for four scales: Academic Freedom, Concern for Research and Scholarship, Empowerment and Mission Consensus. No significant differences were found for comparisons of Education, Biology and English departments. A comparison of male and female academics' perceptions of the university-level environment found that females perceived their environment more positively than males. This study demonstrated the utility of the ULEQ in learning environment research in college and university settings.     

从概念隐喻认知角度解析口译中的文化障碍

口译中的文化障碍是影响口译活动流利实现的重要因素之一。从认知视角来看,文化障碍与有标记性概念隐喻相对应,产生于不同文化背景下思维认知从始源域到目的域的不同映射情况。本文以概念隐喻理论为理论基础,以有标记性概念隐喻的两种认知方式来解读与其对应的文化障碍,并浅析其口译策略。以期为解决口译中的文化障碍提供实践指导。