论文化力

文化力是社会合力的重要组成部分，是经济力、政治力的体现和反映，又是影响其变化的巨大力量。文化力主要表现为粘合力、理解力、规范力、牵引力。构成文化力的基本要素是文化观念、文化主体、文化传播介质、文化对象。文化力形成的过程，就是上述要素相互联结和作用的过程。不断优化上述要素及过程，是加强文化建设，提高文化力的基本途径。     

稀土复合固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/Ce~(4+)催化合成乙酸环己酯及动力学研究

研究了以稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/Ce4+为催化剂合成乙酸环己酯的反应,在反应温度分别为100℃、110℃、120℃下,测出酯化反应的动力学参数,建立了动力学方程,并与无催化剂作用下合成乙酸环己酯反应的活化能及动力学方程进行了比较.实验结果表明,该催化酯化反应的优化合成条件是:乙酸用量为0.262 1mol时,醇酸摩尔比为1.5:1,催化剂用量为1.0g,带水剂环己烷的加入量为12mL.稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/Ce4+可使反应的活化能明显降低,是合成乙酸环己酯的有效催化剂.     

Cognitive Development in Gifted Children: Toward a More Precise Understanding of Emerging Differences in Intelligence

To truly understand gifted performance, it is necessary to merge research on giftedness with current thinking in cognitive development and intelligence. This article presents traditional research on gifted children's cognitive development then considers how the application of newer models and theories from the field of cognitive development can be combined with research on giftedness to change the way people think about gifted performance. First four factors that have often been associated with giftedness are discussed from the perspectives of cognitive developmental psychology and gifted education. Next, emphasis is placed on investigating the strategic development of gifted children. Specifically, R. S. Siegler's (Emerging Minds: The Process of Change in Children's Thinking, Oxford University Press, New York, 1996) model of strategy development is addressed in terms of what it may contribute to understanding gifted cognition. Finally, future lines of research using models from cognitive development and complex systems models of development are recommended.     

Student Perceptions of Chemistry Laboratory Learning Environments, Student–Teacher Interactions and Attitudes in Secondary School Gifted Education Classes in Singapore

This study investigated the chemistry laboratory classroom environment, teacher–student interactions and student attitudes towards chemistry among 497 gifted and non-gifted secondary-school students in Singapore. The data were collected using the 35-item Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), the 48-item Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the 30-item Questionnaire on Chemistry-Related Attitudes (QOCRA). Results supported the validity and reliability of the CLEI and QTI for this sample. Stream (gifted versus non-gifted) and gender differences were found in actual and preferred chemistry laboratory classroom environments and teacher–student interactions. Some statistically significant associations of modest magnitude were found between students' attitudes towards chemistry and both the laboratory classroom environment and the interpersonal behaviour of chemistry teachers. Suggestions for improving chemistry laboratory classroom environments and the teacher–student interactions for gifted students are provided.     

复合材料结构的固化监测研究

使用缠绕方法制作复合材料层板,将光纤布拉格光栅传感器埋入到缠绕复合材料层板中、铝板和缠绕复合材料板之间,监测整个固化历程,包括固化过程的温度变化,升温过程和降温过程的应变变化,比较不同部位的差异。结果表明：由于热力学性能不同,复合材料内部与界面之间在固化过程中存在着差异,使得两种不同的材料在固化后期存在分离现象,并释放了一部分应力。     

碳基复合材料有效性能的细观力学研究

作为一种多相体材料,碳基复合材料的力学性能和损伤破坏规律与其组元材料的弹性常数、体积含量以及细观结构密切相关。独创了组元材料试样加工与拉伸试验方法,获得了石墨基体和碳纤维的拉伸模量、强度和断裂应变率,在此基础上利用细观力学中Eshelby等效夹杂理论和Mori-Tanaka方法,建立了预报材料弹性常数的细观力学模型,并将理论预报结果与试验结果进行了比较,分析了误差产生的原因。结果表明：理论预报值与试验值之间的误差在10%以内,说明计算模型合理,计算结果可信。     

轻钢龙骨组合墙体抗剪承载力计算方法研究

将轻钢龙骨组合墙体分解成骨架结构和蒙面板,分别进行水平荷载作用下的变形及受力性能分析,再将蒙面板离散成单块板单元,通过单元分析及应用平衡原理,推导出了蒙面板抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果比较表明,此公式合理、安全可靠、简单实用,可供工程设计参考.     

现代汉语二合复句中分句语气异类组配的倾向性研究

现代汉语二合复句内分句语气同类组配是主体,异类组配是次要的。前后分句语气异类组配的使用频率具有一定的倾向性：陈述与疑问／祈使／感叹的组配〉疑问／祈使／感叹之间的两两组配;陈述＋疑问／祈使／感叹〉疑问／祈使／感叹＋陈述。陈述语气与疑问／祈使／感叹共享特征的数量都多于疑问、祈使、感叹两两语气之间共享特征的数量,因此前者是优势组配。疑问／祈使／感叹居前时通常要满足三个条件,居后时不受此限制,因此疑问／祈使／感叹居后是优势组配。     

木质纤维素降解菌系的筛选及其降解特性

旨在为秸秆类木质纤维素沼气工业化奠定科学基础,以滤纸作为纤维素材料对不同发酵原料和发酵时期的沼气池菌系进行驯化和筛选,并研究其中温条件下对麦秸、玉米秸和滤纸的降解特性.采用减重法、分光光度法和蒸馏法分别测定复合菌系在发酵过程中的纤维素降解能力、复合菌系生物量和发酵液中挥发性有机酸.结果显示：发酵原料和发酵时期的菌源纤维素降解能力有较大差异,来自粪便池源的复合菌系在发酵前期纤维素降解力强,而秸秆池源的复合菌系在发酵后期纤维素降解力强.粪源产气稳定期的复合菌系F6的降解能力最强,对纤维素降解能力由高到低依次为滤纸、麦秸和玉米秸.     

A highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@metal–organic framework composite for high-performance electrochemical energy storage

Most metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hardly maintain their physical and chemical properties after exposure to alkaline aqueous solutions, thus precluding their use as potential electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. Here, we present the design and synthesis of a highly alkaline-stable metal oxide@MOF composite, Co₃O₄ nanocube@Co-MOF (Co₃O₄@Co-MOF), via a controllable and facile one-pot hydrothermal method under highly alkaline conditions. The obtained composite possesses exceptional alkaline stability, retaining its original structure in 3.0 M KOH for at least 15 days. Benefitting from the exceptional alkaline stability, unique structure, and larger surface area, the Co₃O₄@Co-MOF composite shows a specific capacitance as high as 1020 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A  g⁻¹ and a high cycling stability with only 3.3% decay after 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. The as-constructed solid-state flexible device exhibits a maximum energy density of 21.6 mWh cm⁻³.