高校R&D投入与经济发展协调度国际比较

本文从我国高校R&D投入的现状出发,以协同学为基础,利用复合系统整体协调度模型,研究测算了1992-2006年我国高校R&D投入与经济发展之间的协调度,并与世界主要发达国家进行比较。研究结果表明,我国高校研发投入与经济增长总体上呈现良好的协调发展。与对比的发达国家相比,其协调度也较高。但是我国高校研发经费投入的协调度明显要低于科学家工程师投入的协调度,也明显落后于GDP发展水平。我国应着重增加高校研发经费投入,适度放缓科学家工程师的研发人员投入。     

中国城市化与PM2.5浓度时空动态及作用机理——基于胡焕庸线变迁的视角

在快速城市化给环境带来严峻挑战的背景下,围绕中国典型城市群的城市化对环境污染影响的研究取得了显著进展。然而,聚焦胡焕庸线时空变迁而形成的“美丽中国中脊带”（简称中脊带）的城市化与雾霾污染相关深入研究较为鲜见。为此,本文利用2005—2018年全国314个地级市城市灯光复合指数（城市化）、雾霾污染（PM2.5）及其他方面的面板数据,借助ArcGIS厘定了中脊带及其东西两侧地区城市化与雾霾污染的时空变化,在STIRPAT模型和环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC假说）的理论框架下实证分析了3个区域城市化对雾霾污染的异质性影响并及揭示了其作用机理。研究表明：①受人口密度低等影响,西侧地区城市化推进速度上升趋势要远低于东侧及中脊带地区;②城市化与雾霾污染的关系在东侧地区存在显著的倒“U”型关系,在西侧地区表现出明显的正相关关系,在中脊带地区未呈现出显著规律;③在东侧地区通过人口集聚效应和产业结构效应可缓解城市化对雾霾污染的不利影响,而在西侧地区产业结构效应会加剧不利影响,中脊带地区人口集聚效应和产业结构效应均不明显。以上结论可为建立区域联防联控的环境治理机制、推进产业结构调整和增强人口集聚规模效应等政策建议提供实证依据,并促进西侧地区高水平的现代化和高质量的城镇化。     

倒T型钢混凝土组合梁正截面抗弯承载力计算分析

由一般的非对称性工字型钢混凝土组合梁,采用变形协调模型推导总结不同情况下的型钢混凝土组合梁正截面抗弯承栽力计算公式,进而得到倒T型钢混凝土组合梁的正截面承载力。通过算例,采用推导的理论公式及ANSYS软件对等截面、等含钢量的两类组合梁的极限承栽力进行分析计算,表明倒T型钢混凝土组合梁正截面受力较工字型钢混凝土组合梁好及采用的理论公式是正确可行的。     

Impact in the school system of a strategy for identifying and selecting academically talented students: the experience of Program PENTA‐UC

The study explores the consequences, for participating schools, of the implementation of a system for the identification and selection of academically talented students, in the context of an extracurricular enrichment program operating at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. The participants were 73 students, 50 teachers, and seven members of the school administration, in seven schools. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups. The results indicated that the identification and selection processes have mostly positive effects on teachers and students. Some potentially negative effects were also detected for the classmates of the talented students, which relate mainly to the manner in which information was handled. Possible implications of these findings for this program for talented children and other similar programs are discussed.     

大气汽溶胶复合微粒子群的光学截面及红外发射率光谱的计算

在章[1]的基础上，根据M.L.AdenH和M.Merker的复合微粒子光散射理计算了汽溶胶大气中复合微粒子模型的光学特性，得到了汽溶胶的散射截面、吸收截面和消光截面以及红外发射率光谱，为研究大气红外传输提供了计算方法。     

Open plan

This study reports on an investigation into the impact of strategy-based English language instruction (SBELI) on the language proficiency of gifted learners. The participants were students who were identified as gifted and thus received additional out-of-school training for a few days a week in Adana Science and Arts Centre. Their ages ranged from 10 to 13. One experimental group (n = 17) and one control group (n = 17) were designed to explore the possible English performance differences between the learners who were exposed to SBELI, which included 11 language-learning strategies for eight weeks, and those who were not. Data were collected through proficiency exams, written accounts of participants in the experimental group, think-aloud protocols and an open-ended questionnaire. The findings obtained revealed that SBELI produced a positive impact on the language proficiency of the gifted students and enabled them to enhance their already established attitude to make their language learning quick, easy, effective and enjoyable.     

Braided composite materials for the production of lightweight, high rigidity golf shafts

Braiding is not currently used in the production of golf shafts. The objective of this work was to develop, through a modelling process consisting of altering lamina sequence, a golf shaft, using braided laminas, which would have mass, stiffness and torque comparable to commercially available composite and steel shafts. A 2D conical braided composite model was previously developed and validated to predict elastic constants of braided closed meshed structures. Energy methods were used to calculate the stiffness and torque of shafts using prescribed industry approaches. Shaft mass was calculated based on geometry and density of constitutent materials. Modelled shafts had both braided and unidirectional layers and compared favourably with or were better than commercially available composite and steel shafts in terms of deflection force and twist angle; they had the same weight as composite shafts but were much lighter than steel shafts. If these findings are verified, braided composites would be a viable and effective approach to the design of future golf shafts.     

难美项群空中身体翻转动作类型与构架研究

摘要：鉴于当前世界竞技体育项目的高速发展,为了更好的适应新形势变化,针对表现难美性项群中自由体操、单跳、蹦床、跳水和空中技巧五个项目中,身体动作的主因子“空中身体翻转动作”进行分析研究,目的是通过该研究,能够对项目间的相互借鉴、以及项目技术的相互支撑起到一定的帮助作用,并对项目的发展具有一定的实际意义。文章通过文献资料法、访谈法、录像分析法等科学研究方法进行系统分析,得到以下结论：1）空中身体翻转动作是运动员身体在空中围绕运动轴完成单向或多向翻腾和转动的技术动作,是五个表现难美性项目的核心技术。2）依时间的递进进行观察和描述,一个完整的身体翻转动作包含起动加速、起跳、空中翻转、落停4个相互连接的技术环节。3）自由体操和单跳的空中身体翻转动作常以多式样的空中身体翻腾转体难度动作直接连接另一个空中身体翻转难度动作。4）空中身体翻转技术动作的递进式发展历程可分为五个发展阶段：单一翻腾阶段;单一的翻腾或旋转阶段;复合翻转阶段;多翻多转及“叠加”翻转阶段和自由体操与单跳进入突出平面挂串连接阶段。5）发展表现难美性项群空中身体翻转动作的对策设计为：及时研究、积极适应国际评分规则的变化,科学把握空中身体翻转动作的有序性发展规律, 主动发掘空中身体翻转技术动作的创新途径。     

The Dutch motor skills assessment as tool for talent development in table tennis: a reproducibility and validity study

A motor skills assessment could be helpful in talent development by estimating essential perceptuo-motor skills of young players, which are considered requisite to develop excellent technical and tactical qualities. The Netherlands Table Tennis Association uses a motor skills assessment in their talent development programme consisting of eight items measuring perceptuo-motor skills specific to table tennis under varying conditions. This study aimed to investigate this assessment regarding its reproducibility, internal consistency, underlying dimensions and concurrent validity in 113 young table tennis players (6–10 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients of six test items met the criteria of 0.7 with coefficients of variation between 3% and 8%. Cronbach’s alpha valued 0.853 for internal consistency. The principal components analysis distinguished two conceptually meaningful factors: “ball control” and “gross motor function.” Concurrent validity analyses demonstrated moderate associations between the motor skills assessment’s results and national ranking; boys r = ?0.53 (P < 0.001) and girls r = ?0.45 (P = 0.015). In conclusion, this evaluation demonstrated six test items with acceptable reproducibility, good internal consistency and good prospects for validity. Two test items need revision to upgrade reproducibility. Since the motor skills assessment seems to be a reproducible, objective part of a talent development programme, more longitudinal studies are required to investigate its predictive validity.     

高职院校高等数学综合得分模型的构建

利用层次分析法对高职院校高等数学综合得分进行分析、建立模型,得出具体的得分因子(包括结课考试成绩和平时成绩(又含有单元检测成绩、平时作业成绩、平时考勤得分和课堂表现得分))的权重系数分别为0.875、0.0732、0.0284、0.0161和0.0074,为今后进行综合给分提供了一种合理有效的方法,最后还通过我院一班级的高数综合得分情况进行具体的数据分析.