天才的表现、实质与发展

本文以心理学领域的相关研究结论,首先解释了天才表现的参照系、行为内容和绩效水平;然后分析了天才的内在特殊能力与独特的认知加工过程,以及天才的情感特征与人格特质;最后讨论了天才发展中自然成长与有意训练、常规发展与认知跳跃这两类关系。对天才的深入探索,有助于纠正传统关于“天才”的错误认识,形成科学的天才观和人才观,有效指导人才培养及相应的教育实践工作。     

A Garden of Ethics

Annemarie Roeper and Leta Hollingworth are the ethical bedrock of the field of gifted education. Though they never met, their legacies are intertwined. They gave us a child-centered perspective, in which ethical development plays a pivotal role. This article traces the similarities of their philosophies, exploring the life experiences that may have led them to see gifted children through the same lens. They both loved their gardens. The seeds of integrity and compassion that they planted inspire us to move beyond our expectations in order to see and nurture the beauty of each child.     

Voices in the Wilderness: Counselling Gifted Students in a Swedish Egalitarian Setting

An egalitarian setting; that is, a setting established on an ideological and cultural basis, in which individual differences traditionally is a sensitive and often problematic issue, the counseling of gifted individuals present a particular problem. Sweden provides the setting in which the current study was carried out. This qualitative case study focuses on how one highly gifted individual—a 27-year-old male—has experienced his school years and university training and how successful counselling for him was construed. The case is argued to be fairly typical, and it is also suggested that Received Mentorship might be the only way to counsel a gifted individual in a forbidding egalitarian setting. The article concludes by proposing a number of recommendations for counselors who work in similar settings.     

Identification of the Gifted Redefined With Ethics and Equity in Mind

Throughout his focus article, Robert Sternberg discusses the theoretical underpinnings and rationale behind his emerging Active Concerned Citizenship and Ethical Leadership (ACCEL) model. In the process, he raises several critically important issues, including the misuse of IQ testing as the major method for identifying gifted students, the need to address real-life problems by focusing on creativity and concerned citizenship, and the potential for principled, ethical leadership to make a real difference in the world now and in the future. The intent of this response article is to pick up on these major themes, extend the conversation, emphasize the necessity for expanding enrichment programming to include marginalized young people for whom the playing field is not level, and help set the stage for wider implementation of the ACCEL framework to enhance identification, instruction, and learning in gifted education.     

基于多邻域的并行混合局部搜索算法与时间表问题

This paper presents a parallel composite local search algorithm based on multiple search neighborhoods to solve a special kind of timetable problem. The new algorithm can also effectively solve those problems that can be solved by general local search algorithms. Experimental results show that the new algorithm can generate better solutions than general local search algorithms.     

硅对原位反应自生Mg2Si/ZM5复合材料热处理态的组织和性能的影响

在真空感应炉中氩气保护下制备材料，用OM，SEM，EDAX及拉伸试验，探讨硅对原位反应自生Mg2Si，ZM5复合材料T6热处理后显微组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明，反应恭加物Si在ZM5合金中形成了高熔点、高硬度的Mg2Si强化相，时效处理可促进γ(Mg17Al12)相沿晶内连续析出，明显地提高了材料的室温与高温强度；且Mg2Si相的形貌亦随着硅含量的不同而变化；Mg2Si相是一种脆性相，使得该材料呈现出解理断裂，降低了材料的塑性。     

Hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-based composite with PdCl2 additive

Mg-25 wt% Mg2Ni composite was prepared by sintered method,hydrided at 613 K and then ball-milled with 1.5 wt% PdCl2 additive for 51 h. The effects of PdCl2 on the hydriding and dehydriding behavior of Mg-25 wt% Mg2Ni composite were investigated. The absorption and desorption rate of the composite with PdCl2 is fast and the hydrogen storage capacity is more than that of the composite without PdCl2. The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reached 3.48 wt% at 373 K,and 5.05 wt% H at 453 K,respectively. The improvement of sorption and desorption kinetics is attributed to the catalytic effect of PdCl2,and the grain refining and lattice strain introduced by ball milling.     

复合酶提取凤尾草多糖的工艺优化研究

目的:探索凤尾草多糖最佳提取工艺件。方法:采用酶水解法提取凤尾草多糖,在缓冲溶液用量、p H、时间、温度、以及酶的浓度这五个单因素试验基础上,结合正交试验探究最佳复合酶的配比,并对各因素进行二项式拟合,应用效应面法优化凤尾草多糖的提取条件。结果:凤尾草多糖最佳提取工艺为:缓冲溶液量为凤尾草质量的21.81倍,p H为4.71,时间为2.0 h,温度为48.88℃,纤维素酶用量为凤尾草质量的0.30%,果胶酶用量为凤尾草质量的0.40%,木瓜蛋白酶量是凤尾草质量的0.30%。结论:此方法提取的凤尾草多糖含量为10.43%。     

一种测量钛酸钡/聚氨酯材料电致伸缩性能的新方法

提出利用数字散斑相关方法测量材料的电致伸缩性能的新方法.通过数字散斑相关方法得到面内位移,从而由几何三角关系得到离面位移,实现电致伸缩应变的测量.采用该方法对高电场作用下钛酸钡/聚氨酯复合高分子材料的电致伸缩性能进行了测量.在高电场作用下,对重复加电放电过程进行分析,得到电致伸缩应变,从而获取材料的电致伸缩系数.实验中采用双线性插值方法获取亚象素灰度值,以提高测量精度,并将结果与曲面拟合算法的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:钛酸钡的加入提高了聚氨酯材料的电致伸缩性能;数字散斑相关方法可以有效地实现材料的电致伸缩系数的测量.该方法为电致伸缩性能的研究提供了一种有效的工具.     

混凝土板厚度对端板型半刚性组合节点力学性能的影响分析

根据目前半刚性组合节点的研究现状、连接形式及分析模型,利用有限元分析软件AN-SYS8.0建立了端板型半刚性组合节点的有限元模型,在验证模型的正确性的基础上,利用该模型分析了混凝土板厚度、对组合节点初始转动刚度、塑性极限弯矩和塑性极限转角的影响。端板型半刚性组合节点的初始转动刚度、塑性极限弯矩和塑性极限转角都随组合节点中混凝土板厚度的增加而增加。