How U.S. and Chinese journalists think about plagiarism

A comparison of 1,096 professional journalists in China and the United States on attitudes toward attribution and plagiarism reveals Chinese journalists were more likely to see attribution as a practice to be embraced regardless of career longevity and culture, suggesting journalistic norms are more important than a collectivist orientation. Attribution was more likely to be embraced by those who see principles as more important than expediency, affirming research that plagiarism is hardly a monolithic concept. Overall, journalists in the two nations did not vary significantly in their attitudes toward plagiarism, despite vast differences in culture and politics as well as evidence that in some other fields China is more accepting of reusing material without attribution. The data show that among journalists, attitudes toward plagiarism are shared across national boundaries, reinforcing related research showing that a journalism culture exists and is shared at least in part across national boundaries.     

The Changing Research Data Landscape and the Experiences of Ethics Review Board Chairs: Implications for Library Practice and Partnerships

Academic libraries have to a large extent taken the lead in facilitating new approaches to research data management, but changes to the research data landscape have had an impact on numerous areas of academic work, including ethics review. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis of interviews with chairs of Canadian research ethics boards, this study explores how ethics review boards have experienced changes to data policy and related technologies in order to describe the ethical implications of new approaches to data management and to explore ways in which the library, ethics review boards, and other campus partners might harmonize efforts to support emerging data practices. While ethics review boards in Canada are keenly aware of open data policies, data publishing in practice is still nascent. There is uncertainty about the adoption of changing technologies for research and their impacts on privacy protection. Where responsibility lies for addressing these uncertainties is often unclear. Academic libraries and research ethics boards are well-suited to engage in mutual knowledge transfer and to integrate data management planning and ethics review processes. Institutional-level oversight that includes all campus departments impacted by changes to the research data landscape may facilitate improved communication and reduce role ambiguity.     

From Inarticulacy to Care

This article seeks to critically re-open the closed structure of news coverage of ethnic minorities by proposing a dialogical model of representation, which evokes mutual understanding across differences through well-crafted narratives of minority experiences. Informed by Mikhail Bakhtin and Charles Taylor, it explores the notion of “dialogue” within journalistic narratives and delineates two dialogical approaches, namely the evaluative articulation of moral values and the polyphonic incorporation of different voices. The former suggests that journalists should employ nuanced languages to situate ethnic minorities’ aspirations and experiences in a common “horizon of significance”. The latter challenges the hegemonic monologue of an ostensibly objective narration and accentuates the manifold voices from ordinary people, urging the journalists to rethink their positionality as narrators. Two cases are analyzed to reveal how the dialogic representation can be realized in news reporting, calling for a transition from “ethics of inarticulacy” to ethics of care in journalism practices.     

Print Media Standardisation and Professionalism

The independence of the media under Ghana’s Fourth Republic is assessed from the perspective of standards and professionalism. Using a qualitative method, the study shows that unethical practices are evident in the print media landscape in Ghana, and argues that this can be traced to four major spheres: educational qualification, existence of several professional associations, a weak regulatory body and “money matters”. Overall, the study argues that legalities form a minimal part of the independence of the Ghanaian media but concerns about freedom seem to be self-inflicted by the very media practitioners through their actions and sometimes questionable reportage.     

Placing Facebook

Facebook is challenging professional journalism. These challenges were evident in three incidents from 2016: the allegation that Facebook privileged progressive-leaning news on its trending feature; Facebook’s removal of the Pulitzer Prize-winning “Napalm Girl” photo from the pages of prominent users; and the proliferation of “fake news” during the US presidential election. Using theoretical concepts from the field of boundary work, this paper examines how The Guardian, The New York Times, Columbia Journalism Review and Poynter editorialized Facebook’s role in these three incidents to discursively construct the boundary between the value of professional journalism to democracy and Facebook’s ascendant role in facilitating essential democratic functions. Findings reveal that these publications attempted to define Facebook as a news organization (i.e., include it within the boundaries of journalism) so that they could then criticize the company for not following duties traditionally incumbent upon news organizations (i.e., place it outside the boundaries of journalism). This paper advances scholarship that focuses on both inward and outward conceptions of boundary work, further explores the complex challenge of defining who a journalist is in the face of rapidly changing technological norms, and advances scholarship in the field of media ethics that positions ethical analysis at the institutional level.     

网络环境下的信息伦理道德教育探析

信息伦理或曰网络伦理作为网络信息活动领域产生的一种新型伦理,对维系一个民族、一个国家的社会秩序和培养高素质的国民具有举足轻重的作用。文章简述了何为网络环境的信息伦理,指出了当今信息（网络）伦理道德的严重失范,提出了建构网络环境下信息伦理道德教育的对策。     

高职院校大学生职业道德教育区域差异性研究

职业道德教育是高职院校人才培养应有之义,其教育状况直接决定人才培养质量。大量调查数据表明,高职院校大学生职业道德教育状况基本与区域经济发展和学校整体办学水平没有直接因果关系,与学校本身对此项工作重视程度直接相关。学校应高度重视大学生职业道德教育工作,建立高效运行机制,加强课程建设和考核,加大教师队伍建设,坚持“两原则、八结合”,重点抓好九个关键环节,多举措统筹推进职业道德教育,这样才能为社会培养更优秀的高素质复合型高技能人才。     

转基因技术的伦理辩护及其限度

转基因技术是现代科技发展的前沿领域,它的出现在给人类带来福祉的同时,也会给自然生态环境造成不良的影响。正因为如此,人类中心主义和自然中心主义对转基因技术及其应用持不同的伦理立场——支持或否定。当然,两者都没有足够的理由。要摆脱这一困境,有必要超越人类中心主义和自然中心主义,建构一种新的自然观。这种新自然观的基本立场是：立足于人类是自然大家庭中的成员这一科学事实,把人类的活动纳入自然演化的一个重要环节来加以考察,同时充分考虑到人类活动的自由自觉性特点。尊重自然和尊重人类权利两者的有机结合,是我们对待转基因技术及其应用所应持的基本的伦理维度。     

司法权威视阈下法官管理机制的探讨

司法权威是指司法机关及其司法人员应当享有的威信和公信力。司法权威的树立对于法官管理机制提出了很高的要求,即法官具有一定的独立地位;法官专业化和精英化;法官高薪制;法官严守职业道德。针对我国法官管理机制存在的诸多弊端,有必要加以完善,以维护司法权威,确保司法公正。     

全球视野中的创业现状与科技创新格局

在全球范围内,2005年中等收入发展中国家比高收入发达国家呈现出更为旺盛的创业精神,在早期创业发生率方面取得更为显著的成绩。高收入发达国家在早期创业转化率方面的表现更为出色。此外,男性比女性更富有创业的主动性。在现今世界的技术发展格局来看,技术扩散是从高收入国家流向中等收入水平国家。