人类文明的生态、技术和文化前提

把人类社会作为一个物理系统,从其物质与能量转化的角度讨论,则系统的存在和延续,要受到生态、技术和文化的多重约束.一个文明社会的延续需要满足三个前提:足够的生态资源提供其生存所需(生态前提);足够的牛产力水平使其能够获得所需(技术前提);还要有足够智慧的文化,使其能够与所处环境和谐相处,保障文明存在生态前提(文化前提).在发展的社会系统模式中,社会规模、生产结构、生活方式,都在变化之中,需要输入更多的自然资源,从而输出更多的垃圾.最终导致生态前提遭到破坏.工业文明与文明持续的文化前提有着内在的冲突.     

A new age for child protection--General Comment 13: why it is important, how it was constructed, and what it intends?

Children continue to be subjected to high levels of violence (i.e., physical, psychological and sexual maltreatment) throughout the world. International concern about violence against children has increased significantly during the last decade. A Study on Violence Against Children, encouraged by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary General and reported in 2006, has become a rallying call to improve child protection. Child protection practices and systems have been judged to be generally inadequate and, in some cases, destructive. It is widely recognized that business as usual—more of the same—will not do. A General Comment (guide to fulfilling obligations) for Article 19, the central conceptualization of child protection of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, has the potential to promote a worldwide reformulation of child protection priorities, policies, and practices by virtue of the infusion of a child rights approach. It can be a mechanism for framing and promoting the transformational change needed – for a genuine paradigm shift. Here, explication is given for the historical context, rationale, centrality of child rights, process of development, holistic nature, and primary elements of General Comment 13 (GC13): The child's right to freedom from all forms of violence. GC13 embodies and champions a child rights approach to child protection entailing strong support for proactive primary prevention, promotion of good child care, and a commitment to secure the rights and well-being of all children. A child rights-based, comprehensive coordinating framework is recommended for the implementation of GC13.     

宋代应对选人改官的待次问题

宋代选人改官,磨勘之后,尚需君主引对,获得认可,方得脱离选调,进入京朝官序列.随着改官人数日渐增多,选人往往不能按时引对,遂出现了待次问题.宋廷在处理此问题时,从最初的调整引对班次、增加引对人数,到后来通过一系列政策限制改官人数,经过长期摸索,最终在南宋中期后,形成了一套行之有效的应对方案.然而解决待次问题的方案,却没有从根本上解决选人积滞的社会现象.     

中国刑法改革新思考——以《刑法修正案(八)(草案)》为主要视角

随着《刑法修正案(八)(草案)》的研拟和审议,刑法改革再次引起了我国社会的广泛关注。根据社会发展、刑事政策调整和弥补刑法缺陷的需要,我国刑法应当树立"维护社会和谐,贯彻宽严相济,促进刑法科学、进步"的改革目标,注重贯彻人权保障、民生保护、宽严相济和面向国际的现代理念,循序渐进,不断加强死刑和自由刑制度改革,同时积极完善特殊群体从宽制度、民生的刑法保护和反腐败的刑法规范,努力促进刑法立法的全面完善。     

试论考研大学生的心理顾虑及调试策略

随着我国高等教育的发展和就业形势的日益严峻,越来越多的大学生加入了考研大军。但是,面对考研,很多学生难以下定决心,有的虽然决定考研,也存在诸多心理顾虑。本文对考研大学生存在的心理顾虑及其产生原因进行了剖析,并提出了积极的调试策略,以帮助大学生走出顾虑,坚定考研信心。     

试述我国农民教育观念的更新策略

农民的教育观念,将对我国未来的人才素质产生直接的影响,从国家的宏观角度,在理论上、实践上切实落实先进的教育观念,使我国农民的教育观念有一个彻底的更新,是未来我国国民素质整体提高的保证。     

Measuring scientific contributions with modified fractional counting

We develop and propose a new counting method at the aggregate level for contributions to scientific publications called modified fractional counting (MFC). We show that, compared to traditional complete-normalized fractional counting, it eliminates the extreme differences in contributions over time that otherwise occur between scientists that mainly publish alone or in small groups and those that publish with large groups of co-authors. As an extra benefit we find that scientists in different areas of research turn out to have comparable average contributions to scientific articles. We test the method on scientists at Norway’s largest universities and find that, at an aggregate level, it indeed supports comparability across different co-authorship practices as well as between areas of research. MFC is thereby useful whenever the research output from institutions with different research profiles are compared, as e.g., in the Leiden Ranking. Finally, as MFC is actually a family of indicators, depending on a sensitivity parameter, it can be adapted to the circumstances.     

从苏沪经济圈到梧州融入粤港澳经济圈的联想

当前中国经济主要由以上海为龙头的长江三角洲城市带,以北京、天津为双核的大北京城市圈以及以粤港为中心所圈定的大珠三角地区华南经济圈带动。其中华南经济圈是距离梧州最近的经济发展极。梧州可以通过参照长江三角洲城市圈中苏州与长江三角洲主要经济体上海的经济良性互动的发展经验,从城市定位角度出发,结合自身城市特点,加快融入珠三角经济圈的步伐,以获得经济的持续性发展。     

以人为本执政为民理念下的高校反腐倡廉建设

深入贯彻落实以人为本、执政为民理念,是当前和今后一个时期加强反腐倡廉建设的必然要求。文章拟从利益相关者理论的视角,界定高校反腐倡廉的利益相关者,思考高校反腐倡廉为什么要以人为本执政为民以及如何体现以人为本执政为民。     

第65届美国运动医学年会概述及专家咨询委员会科学报告概要

摘要：第65届美国运动医学年会精彩纷呈,吸引了来自全球70多个国家的6000余名运动科学、临床医学等领域的学者参会,中国大陆地区也有上百名学者参加会议。年会的两场主报告分别是“体力活动对癌症的预防与治疗：证据现状”和“体力活动行为改变和健康促进的历史与亮点”。与年会同时举办的第九届“运动是良医全球大会”和“肌肉肥大与萎缩基础科学全球大会”。年会亮点之一是全面解读了最新发布的2018年美国人体力活动指南专家咨询委员会（2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee,2018PAGAC）科学报告。此是在2008PAGAC科学报告的基础上审读近10年运动科学领域中研究成果后完成的,将为美国联邦政府制定第2版体力活动指南提供依据。2018PAGAC科学报告提供了运动科学领域新的研究成果,梳理了静坐少动行为与疾病的关系,对今后运动科学的研究提出了一系列的建议。认真学习领会2018PAGAC科学报告将对我国科学健身领域的研究和成果应用提供有益借鉴。