数据科学与大数据技术专业建设思考与洞见

数据科学与大数据技术专业作为一门在新工科背景下崛起的新兴学科,受到了学术界与教育界的广泛关注。本文围绕新工科背景下数据科学与大数据技术专业建设问题和近四年新专业获批数据,剖析新专业建设面临的问题,提出基于角色差异化的数据科学与大数据技术专业人才培养体系。     

工程领域专业学位研究生课程体系设计与职业资格认证的对接

职业化是专业学位研究生教育的特征和要求。根据专业学位研究生教育的职业化特质,对现有课程设置情况进行了调查和分析,提出建立可与专业学位研究生职业资格认证对接的课程体系,建立职业发展等可有助于提高研究生职业素质、有助于与职业资格认证相对接的课程模块,并在控制工程领域的专业学位研究生教育教学中加以实践。     

医科院校师资英语口语培训项目研究

高校专业课向双语教学和全英语教学方向发展的教学要求对专业课教师的英语水平提出了新的挑战。为适应时代发展需要、培养高素质人才并提高师资队伍水平,基于校本资源的师资英语口语培训班成为解决这一问题的有效途径。从哈尔滨医科大学师资英语口语培训项目的办学宗旨、办学特色、考核体系等方面着眼,介绍培训项目的实施情况,并对项目的进一步开展和实施提出展望。     

幼儿园教育“小学化”问题思考

目前我国幼儿园教育＂小学化＂问题十分突出,严重影响了幼儿的健康成长。究其原因有三：一是幼儿教师专业素养低下,二是规范幼儿园办园的法规和制度缺失,三是国家和教育行政部门的监管缺位。建立健全幼儿园办园的法规和制度,加强幼儿教师的职前教育、在职培训和自我学习的制度建设,是解决幼儿园教育＂小学化＂问题的重要途径。     

“做中学”教师培训对教师教学观的影响

本研究采用高凌庵等人设计的《教师教学观调查问卷》,分别对参与和未参与做中学教师培训的76位小学和幼儿园教师进行问卷调查,结果表明参与做中学培训的教师比未参与做中学教师培训的教师更倾向于采取互动发展式的教学方式,且小学教师比幼儿园教师更多地采用了互动发展式教学。这说明做中学培训项目对教师教学观产生了重要影响,采用不同的培训方式可能会促使教师形成不同的教学观。     

基于“三学期制”培养创新型人才的实践与思考

建设创新型国家的关键是培养高素质的创新型人才。现有的人才培养模式在课程设置、教学内容、教学方式、实践能力培养等方面存在较大的缺陷,不利于创新型人才的培养。＂三学期制＂通过构建灵活的人才培养模式,强调学生的主动性参与,改革授课内容,突出实践能力培养,是培养创新型人才的一种有效模式。     

竞技健美操运动的核心力量训练

核心力量是竞技健美操基本姿势和动作的控制因素,对稳定脊柱、骨盆、保持正确的身体姿势,协调平衡,提高竞技健美操运动员的速度、力度、难度和表现力都具有很重要的意义。因此核心力量的训练对竞技健美操运动至关重要。其方法主要是针对躯干深层小肌肉,在不平衡的状态下进行各种负荷的训练。     

The influence of formal and informal formative pre‐service experiences on teacher self‐efficacy

Formal pre‐service training has been shown to be effective in building teacher self‐efficacy beliefs. However, the impact of other, less formal, ‘teacher‐like’ pre‐service experiences on the formation of efficacy beliefs has not previously been investigated. This study examines the associations between both formal and informal formative pre‐service experiences and teacher self‐efficacy. In addition, the effect of years of teaching experience on these associations was investigated. Three hundred fifteen teachers of general and Judaic studies in Jewish day schools in the USA responded to a survey about their formal pre‐service experiences; informal experiences as youth advisors, camp counsellors and childcare supervisors; and two measures of teacher self‐efficacy. Formal pre‐service training and positive student‐teaching experiences, as well as each of the three informal experiences, were found to be associated with positive teacher self‐efficacy. Interestingly, formal and informal pre‐service experiences appear to be associated with different aspects of teacher self‐efficacy. Formal teacher training was most strongly associated with efficacy for instructional practices, while the positive informal experiences were most strongly associated with efficacy for student engagement. The potential impact of both formal and informal experiences did not appear to fade over time. On the contrary, for those variables where an interaction with years of teaching was detected, it was the efficacy beliefs of the most senior teachers that were most related to their pre‐service experiences. These findings have important implications for the practice of both teacher trainers and those charged with recruiting and supporting teachers.     

高职院校毕业生就业难及对策

随着高校不断扩招,大学生的就业压力越来越大。面对庞大的就业队伍,国家采取了很多措施帮助高校毕业生就业,社会各界及高校就业指导中心也在为帮助大学生就业而不遗余力。但面对中国就业市场巨大的矛盾、压力和困难,我们必须对高职院校毕业生就业难的现象,进行深入的探讨和研究,以采取相应的对策。     

Renaming teaching practice through teacher reflection using critical incidents on a virtual training course

This study approaches teacher learning from a dialogical viewpoint where lecturers’ voices used in a training course context reflect how lecturers generated new professional discourse. The design of the training course considered the analysis of several critical incidents (CIs) in online teaching. An analytical framework based on lecturers’ discourse and ways of thinking about teaching was used to identify types of renaming teaching practice. The empirical element of the study analysed the written utterances about teaching provided by 12 online instructors in order to determine what kinds of new discourse emerged during the analysis of 15 CIs in online teaching. Results showed that local discourse is the lecturers’ most commonly used discourse, prototypical incidents generated more professional discourse than personal and real CIs, and professional discourse can be created by means of at least nine different ways of articulating discourse. On the basis of these results, some pedagogical implications for lecturer learning are discussed.