我国橡胶树育种的技术瓶颈与创新发展建议

橡胶树优良品种是实现天然橡胶稳产保供的核心要素。我国植胶区地处热带北缘,属于非传统植胶区,气候等条件劣于东南亚传统植胶区,致使已种植的橡胶树频繁遭受低温寒害和病害,因而生产上急需高产抗逆品种。导致橡胶树高产抗逆品种贫乏的主要原因包括：橡胶树基因组高度杂合、童期长和异花授粉等特性,使得高产性状和抗逆性状不易聚合;橡胶树育种的选择方法效率低,不仅杂交分离群体小,而且依赖长期大田鉴定。建议：应用全基因组选择育种理念,尽快构建橡胶树高世代种子园,以实现多性状聚合育种;设立专门的技术支撑岗位持续扩大育种群体规模,打造橡胶树高效育种技术体系。     

影响核桃嫁接成活率因素的研究

采用对照实验方法,比较不同的砧木处理、接穗种类及接芽部位、切口高度、嫁接时间、绑缚处理下核桃嫁接成活率,旨在通过实验探究影响汾阳市核桃苗嫁接成活率的因素,以期更好地指导生产实践.     

枣高效微嫁接体系的研究

利用患枣疯病的婆枣组培苗做砧木,健康冬枣组培苗做接穗,进行微嫁接。试验采取加入植物生长素调节、暗培养、嫁接口处理的方法改善砧木的茎粗状况,结果表明暗培养可增加茎粗,增长节间,减少后期除萌,更适用于枣树微嫁接;而加入植物生长调节剂等方法基本无效。试验进行了“婆枣-冬枣”和“冬枣-冬枣”的不同嫁接组合处理,结果表明,嫁接亲和性是嫁接成活的因素之一。试验还对嫁接不同时间的砧穗生长情况进行了跟踪调查,植原体能够从砧木传导至接穗中。     

沙田柚幼果嫁接试验总结

本试验结果表明,沙田柚幼果嫁接能够平衡挂果量,增产增收,并对柚树的营养生长和生殖生长有调节作用.     

纸浆接枝改性制备高吸水性树脂的研究

采用纸浆纤维素为分子骨架，接枝丙烯酸及丙烯酰胺制备高吸水树脂。对单体用量、引发剂用量、中和度、反应温度等工艺条件进行了优化研究。利用IR图表征了产物的结构。     

DTOPSIS法在甜玉米品种综合评价中的应用

应用DTOPSIS法对2002年国家黄淮海鲜食甜玉米品种区域试验（一组）的13个参试品种12个性状进行了综合评价,评价结果与各品种的实际表现十分一致,比单纯用产量对参试品种进行评价更具有科学性．该方法具有计算简便,结论明确等优点,可作为甜玉米品种区试验中对参试品种进行综合评价的一种有效方法．     

高职计算机专业毕业生就业状况与对策探讨

随着经济与产业结构调整步伐的加快,高等教育已由过去的所谓"精英"教育转变为"大众"教育。通过对高职计算机专业毕业生就业状况的论述,针对高职计算机专业毕业生就业特点的分析,提出缓解就业难的对策。     

渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗膜脂过氧化及过氧化氢酶活性的影响

本实验以三个玉米品种新实多2号、东单7号、中原单32为实验材料,采用PEG 6000模拟土壤干旱条件,研究渗透胁迫下不同玉米品种M DA(丙二醛)含量、CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性以及膜相对透性间的相互关系,结果表明,渗透胁迫下三个玉米品种M DA含量和质膜相对透性均随胁迫强度的增加而增加,而CAT活性则随胁迫强度的增加而减少,CAT活性与M DA含量、质膜相对透性均呈显著或极显著负相关关系,且品种间存在差异,通过分析比较,可初步判断三个玉米品种幼苗的抗渗透胁迫能力为新实多2号优于中原单32和东单7号.     

柑橘试管内微芽嫁接方法探讨

目的：通过试管内微芽嫁接获得无病毒柑橘种苗。方法：用酸橙种子经消毒后在试管内播种作为砧木来源,采用还没有自剪的优良柑桔品种的嫩梢,取其一定大小的茎尖作为接穗进行试管内嫁接。结果：在种子消毒过程中,用75%酒精10s＋NaClO 8min＋HgCl210min的效果明显比其它三种消毒方法污染率低;在接种过程中,去除外壳的种子萌芽率最高;接穗的消毒用NaClO10min＋HgCl28min的消毒方法污染率较低。     

Improving micropropagation of some grape cultivars via boron,calcium and phosphate

BackgroundAn efficient regeneration protocol is a priority for the successful application of plant biotechnology. Grape nodal explants were used to develop a micropropagation protocol for Thompson Seedless and Taify cvs. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with Kinetin or benzylaminopurine (BA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA).ResultsFor both cultivars, axillary buds were grown, only, on a medium enriched with kinetin, moreover, shoot tip necrosis and callus formation were observed on Thompson Seedless cv. cultures grown on a medium with BA. Supplementing the growth medium with 100 mM (boron) B and 2.5 mM (calcium) Ca successfully help overcome these phenomena. The highest regenerated shoot numbers (14 and 6.2 explant⁻¹) for Taify and Thompson Seedless cvs., respectively, were on media supplemented with 13.2 µM BA + 4.9 µM IBA and BA 13.2 µM + 5.8 µM IBA, respectively. Moreover, these media supported the developing shoots to have the heaviest dry weights (1.46 and 0.72 mg explant⁻¹) for Taify and Thompson Seedless cvs., respectively. Thompson Seedless cv. regenerated shoot numbers and their dry weights were significantly increased by increasing the MS medium PO₄⁻ concentration. However, these two parameters were significantly decreased for Taify cv. Developing shoots were elongated and rooted on MS medium enriched with 4.9 µM, IBA 100 mM B and 2.5 mM Ca. Plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to the greenhouse conditions.ConclusionsA novel promising protocol for Thomson Seedless and Taify cvs. micropropagation using single nodes has been developed.How to cite: Al-Aizari AA, Al-Obeed RS, Mohamed MA-H. Improving micropropagation of some grape cultivars via boron, calcium and phosphate. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.10.001