Images as representations: visual sources on education and childhood in the past

The challenge of using images for the history of education and childhood will be addressed in this article by looking at them as representations. Central is the relationship between representations and reality. The focus is on the power of paintings as representations of aspects of realities. First the meaning of representation for images as sources for the history of education and childhood – mirrors of realities, complex symbol systems or representations – is explained. A distinction is made between images of real people and images of patterns of human behaviour and the value of the phenomenon of historical sensation as a methodological instrument for insight in that relationship is dealt with. Second, a specific genre of paintings from the seventeenth century, namely portraits of dead children, will be described and analysed to make clear that their value for the history of education and childhood can be studied adequately only by using those images as representations and by interpreting them within the cultural rules and regulations of time and place. This analysis results in the conclusion that images should be considered in their function as representations of aspects of educational and childhood reality.     

超越表达：论科学理论知识的先验特征与先验证成

一般来说,在科学哲学之中,对科学理论的考察都围绕着理论表达的方式、机制及其恰当性而进行,而且无论是科学理论的陈述观还是模型观都会将表达与同构关系密切地联系起来。这些考察的哲学背景都与关于科学理论的知识论、然后是科学中的形而上学问题有关——尤其是对于知识论而言,是否可能、如何论证科学知识的真理性、客观性、合理性与普适性以及如何证成如此的科学理论知识都是非常重要的问题,而且这些问题和表达及其恰当性有密切的关系。于是,与科学知识有关的怀疑论、工具主义挑战其实都来自于对基础的科学理论表达机制、被表达项的认定等产生的怀疑与挑战。可是,基于同构性的表达机制不可能完全消除对科学理论知识的怀疑论挑战。这时,科学哲学的讨论就需要超越表达并将对科学理论知识的证成引向先验的进路。     

基于稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

近年来,人脸识别一直是计算机视觉和模式识别领域一个很热门研究课题。随着压缩感知理论的发展,稀疏表示已经成功应用于人脸识别。文章系统地综述了人脸识别的研究现状、系统,并重点介绍了基于稀疏表示的人脸识别算法及求解,最后对人脸识别算法存在的问题以及发展进行了展望。     

浅谈高职高专平面设计教育存在的问题及改革

高职高专教育的主要功能是就业教育,为社会培养高素质劳动者和技能人才。作为高职学校的平面设计教育工作者,我们要共同携手,不断探索、创新,使高职高专的平面设计教育水平迈上一个新的台阶。本文就当前高职高专平面设计教育存在的问题及教改提出自己的看法。     

浅析虚拟现实技术在平面设计教学中的应用

作为一种新型的技术形式,虚拟现实技术在人们的生活中正发挥着越来越重要的作用,并深深改变着人们的日常生活。无论是在平面教学还是建筑及室内设计领域,它作为一种特殊的技术手段,有效地深入到抽象思维及现实实体的密切联系之中。它不仅推进了学生设计思维的转变,更促进了教学效果的优化,从而有效地提升了教学的效果。     

网络情境下高职生角色失调的问题表征和归因分析

高职生的角色心理在互联网时代具有特殊性。调查表明,网络情境下高职生主要存在三种角色失调现象：现实-网络角色间冲突、现实-网络角色不清、现实-网络角色延伸不当。主体角色薄弱、现实角色受阻是导致网络情境下高职生角色失调的主要原因。     

Cultural diversity in science education through Novelization: Against the Epicization of science and cultural centralization

Science educators are confronted with the challenge to accommodate in their classes an increasing cultural and linguistic diversity that results from globalization. Challenged by the call to work towards valuing and keeping this diversity in the face of the canonical nature of school science discourse, we propose a new way of thinking about and investigating these problems. Drawing on the work of Mikhail Bakhtin, we articulate epicization and novelization as concepts that allow us to understand, respectively, the processes of (a) centralizing and homogenizing culture and language and (b) pluralizing culture and language. We present and analyze three examples that exhibit how existing mundane science education practices tend, by means of epicization, towards a unitary language and to cultural centralization. We then propose novelization as a way for thinking the opening up of science education by interacting with and incorporating alternative forms of knowing that arise from cultural diversity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 824–847, 2011     

利用PLC实现十字路口交通灯的控制

介绍如何用PLC实现十字路口交通灯的控制,说明其设计方法,解释了程序的工作原理.     

建立“以学生为主体”的英语教学方式

外语教学必须提倡"以学生为中心"的教学双边活动,教师不再牵着学生的鼻子走,而是以学生为中心,发挥学生学习的主观能动性,教会学生学习的方法。     

通用产品配置系统中的知识表示及应用

针对目前产品配置系统大多为面向单一产品的配置,开发通用产品配置系统,意在实现软件重用.该系统将知识表示运用于系统开发,通过知识编辑器、知识编译器和知识执行器,实现产品配置规则的自动判别和产品实例的自动检测,为实现产品配置的智能化提供可行的途径.