男子背越式跳高助跑速度与身体总重心高度的分析

通过对２名优秀男子跳高运动员的测试，从理论上论证了背越式跳高起跳时助跑速度与身体总重心高度的关系，从而为教练员和运动员掌握合理的运动技术提供理论依据。     

人体环节重量参数测量研究的历史回顾与发展趋势

在对人体环节重量参数测量研究的历史进行简要回顾的基础上,对目前其统计模型进行评述,找出其不足方面,并提出了一种探索人体环节重量参数个体化测量的创新思路,即在引入人体环节(链)的概念和增补重量矩参数的基础上,利用互补平衡板测量系统实现受试者环节重量参数的个体化测量.     

张榴红背向滑步推铅球技术动作的速度节奏研究

以女子铅球运动员张榴红为研究对象 ,运用生物力学方法对我国优秀女子铅球运动员张榴红推铅球技术的速度节奏进行分析研究。结论 :在滑步阶段 ,张榴红左腿摆动最高速度基本上出现在右腿积极蹬伸的阶段 ,但存在着摆动腿垂直分速较大 ,重心腾起角度大 ,降低了人体重心速度和铅球速度 ;在过渡步阶段 ,张榴红由于右腿的迅速退让能力和由退让迅速转为克制的能力较弱 ,单支撑时间过长 ,重心速度和铅球速度均呈下降趋势 ;在最后用力阶段 ,张榴红主要用力点较为突出 ,加速效果较显著。     

背越式跳高起跳过程中摆动腿摆动的技术综述

运用献资料方法对背越式跳高的起跳过程进行分析，阐释了起跳过程中摆动腿的摆动与身体重心运动轨迹、身体重心垂直速度及位移之间的关系，揭示了在起跳过程中摆动腿的摆动动作对身体重心的运动状况具有重要的影响。     

程晓燕背向滑步推铅球技术的生物力学分析

采用生物力学方法对女子铅球运动员程晓燕背向滑步推铅球技术进行分析研究。结论:程晓燕在起滑时左腿摆动垂直分速过大,水平分速相对较小,重心腾起角增大;过渡步阶段单支撑时间过长,铅球速度和身体重心速度均呈现下降趋势;最后用力阶段主要加速点(用力点)较为突出,加速效果较显著。     

非溢流混凝土重力坝的体型分析

混凝土重力坝是中国坝工建设中的主要坝型,具有安全可靠、设计施工技术简单、对地形地质条件适应性好、施工导流和永久性泄洪问题容易解决等优点。重力坝的剖面设计是重力坝设计的一项主要内容,本文分析计算了非溢流混凝土重力坝剖面参数x1、x2、x3与上游水位、抗剪摩擦系数、扬压力折减系数的关系,结果表明随着摩擦系数的增加或上游水位的减小,上游折坡点位置逐渐变低,上游坝坡逐渐减小,直到上游变为直立面,下游坝坡逐渐减小,直到本文给定的最小下游坝坡0.5,且扬压力折减系数对坝体剖面的影响与抗剪摩擦系数的关系比较大,为工程设计提供了有益参考。     

Runners do not push off the ground but fall forwards via a gravitational torque

The relationship between the affect and timing of the four forces involved in running (gravity, ground reaction force, muscle force, and potential strain energy) is presented. These forces only increase horizontal acceleration of the centre of mass during stance but not flight. The current hierarchical models of running are critiqued because they do not show gravity, a constant force, in affect during stance. A new gravitational model of running is developed, which shows gravity as the motive force. Gravity is shown to cause a torque as the runner's centre of mass moves forward of the support foot. Ground reaction force is not a motive force but operates according to Newton's third law; therefore, the ground can only propel a runner forward in combination with muscle activity. However, leg and hip extensor muscles have consistently proven to be silent during leg extension (mid-terminal stance). Instead, high muscle–tendon forces at terminal stance suggest elastic recoil regains most of the centre of mass's height. Therefore, the only external motive force from mid-terminal stance is gravity via a gravitational torque, which causes a horizontal displacement. The aim of this paper is to establish a definitive biomechanical technique (Pose^® method) that is easily taught to runners (Romanov, 2002 Romanov, N. 2002. Dr. Nicholas Romanov's Pose method of running, Miami: PoseTech.  [Google Scholar]): falling forwards via a gravitational torque while pulling the support foot rapidly from the ground using the hamstring muscles.     

试析自然边坡卸荷变形的基本特征

对自然边坡卸荷带变形特点和影响边坡自然卸荷变形因素进行了综述,并结合工程经验提出了强卸荷带与弱卸荷带的划分依据,对自然边坡卸荷带的基本特征进行了探讨.     

用自制圆锥摆与Spss标定重力加速度

用直流电源驱动自制圆锥摆实验系统,使小钢球做较为稳定的圆锥摆运动,可显著减弱小钢球的滞后现象,从而可忽略空气阻尼等因素的影响,使得对圆锥摆周期的测量更为准确。由测量原理及不确定分析,结合测量数据,用Spss分析得出长度综合量（A）与圆锥摆运动周期的平方（T2）呈线性关系,由此标定出重力加速度,并用置信概率为95%的不确定度对实验结果进行了分析与评价。     

Anatomical Data for Analyzing Human Motion

Abstract

Anatomical data necessary for the analysis of human motion are presented on the total living body segmented into sixteen parts. Cadaver data from Dempster (1955) are applied to water displacement data obtained on 135 living subjects (35 men and 100 women) to obtain the weight, center of gravity, and radius of gyration for the segmented extremities. Thirty-three of these subjects (15 men and 18 women) were used to obtain the weight of the segments of the trunk, using the water displacement method, and sixteen of these subjects (7 men and 9 women) were used to locate the center of gravity of each trunk segment. A lead model was constructed using the trunk data to obtain the radii of gyration in both the sagittal and frontal planes. A single male cadaver was dissected to compare the trunk measurements with the lead model results.