网格体系结构研究

计算机和通信技术在上个世纪末的迅猛发展,促使计算机网络在经历了互联网时代和W eb时代之后,进入到网格时代。通过对国内外网格体系结构的深入研究,揭示了网格体系结构的发展历程,对三种典型的网格体系结构(五层沙漏体系结构、开放网格服务体系结构、织女星网格体系结构)做了具体分析,最后指出了网格技术的发展趋势。     

肝干细胞与肝癌的关系

肝干细胞为肝内胆管系统源性的多潜能分化细胞群,可分为肝源性和非肝源性两类,具有自我更新和向前分化为成熟肝细胞、胆管细胞等性质。胆管源性主要为卵圆细胞,其表达部分肝细胞、胆管上皮细胞和造血干细胞标志。较多研究资料显示,肝干细胞是肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌的祖细胞,由肝卵圆细胞成熟受阻、异常分化而来,其间有多个癌基因或抑癌基因共同调控使肝卵圆细胞向肝癌细胞转化,具体调控机制还不详。肝干细胞为研究肝癌发病机制及根治恶性肝癌的方法提示了新的方向,可能是肝癌防治研究新的突破点。     

运动中骨骼肌细胞损伤机理的阐述

机体进行的任何一种运动都离不开骨骼肌运动.骨骼肌细胞损伤的发病率在运动实践中比较高,骨骼肌损伤一直是国内外研究的焦点.目前,对骨骼肌细胞损伤的研究大部分都是从某个方面进行的.本文主要针对骨骼骨细胞整体损伤进行阐述.     

EGFR Mutation Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients: A Liquid Biopsy Approach

In the era of the targeted therapy identification of EGFR mutation detection in lung cancer is extremely helpful to predict the treatment efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Unfortunately, the inadequacy and quality of the biopsy samples are the major obstacles in molecular testing of EGFR mutation in lung cancer. To address this issue, the present study intended to use liquid biopsy as the non-invasive method for EGFR mutation detection. A total of 31 patients with an advanced stage of lung cancer were enrolled in the study from which cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and FFPE tissue DNA was extracted. Extracted DNA samples were analyzed for further EGFR exon specific mutation analysis by ARMS-PCR. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software. In cfDNA samples, the prevalence of wild type EGFR was 48% while the prevalence of TKI resistant and TKI sensitive mutations were 3%. Conversely, in tissue DNA samples, the prevalence of wild type, TKI sensitive and TKI resistant mutations were 48%, 19%, and 3%, respectively. The overall concordance of EGFR mutation between cfDNA and tissue DNA was 83%. McNemar’s test revealed that there was no significant difference between EGFR expression of cfDNA and tissue DNA samples. Additionally, the significant-high incidence of TKI resistant mutations was observed in tobacco habituates, indicating the role of carcinogens present in the tobacco in developing resistant mutations. In conclusion, our data suggest that evaluation of EGFR mutation from cfDNA samples is practicable as a non-invasive tool in patients with advanced-stage of lung cancer.     

Decoupling engineering of formamidinium–cesium perovskites for efficient photovoltaics

Although pure formamidinium iodide perovskite (FAPbI₃) possesses an optimal gap for photovoltaics, their poor phase stability limits the long-term operational stability of the devices. A promising approach to enhance their phase stability is to incorporate cesium into FAPbI₃. However, state-of-the-art formamidinium–cesium (FA–Cs) iodide perovskites demonstrate much worse efficiency compared with FAPbI₃, limited by the different crystallization dynamics of formamidinium and cesium, which result in poor composition homogeneity and high trap densities. We develop a novel strategy of crystallization decoupling processes of formamidinium and cesium via a sequential cesium incorporation approach. As such, we obtain highly reproducible, highly efficient and stable solar cells based on FA_1–xCs_xPbI₃ (x = 0.05–0.16) films with uniform composition distribution in the nanoscale and low defect densities. We also revealed a new stabilization mechanism for Cs doping to stabilize FAPbI₃, i.e. the incorporation of Cs into FAPbI₃ significantly reduces the electron–phonon coupling strength to suppress ionic migration, thereby improving the stability of FA–Cs-based devices.     

大鼠脑室下区神经干细胞的分离培养与分化

目的：从新生SD大鼠脑室下区分离并培养神经干细胞．观察其生长、增殖及分化．方法：采取无血清培养和单细胞克隆技术．采用原代贴壁及传代悬浮方法．培养获得细胞克隆．利用免疫细胞化学方法鉴定神经干细胞．结果：从新生SD大鼠脑室下区分离的组织,经原代和传代培养均可形成细胞克隆．且具有增殖能力．原代和传代细胞巢蛋白(Nestin)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Neuron specific enolase．NSE)抗原呈阳性．神经干细胞可分化为神经元．结论：用上述方法分离的细胞具有自我更新能力和分化潜能以及很强的增殖能力．属于中枢神经系统的干细胞．     

信息学本质与发展方向

回顾信息学的发展历程,讨论信息学的学科特性和学科架构,认为信息学的本质是创造性地利用现代科学技术来解决已记录信息的处理或管理等问题,帮助信息用户从认知上取用信息的语义实体,从而获得想要的信息;指出信息学的发展规律和新方向是以信息用户为核心综合运用认知科学、智能科学、社会科学等来研究信息(知识)的获取与共享。     

运动解剖学脑图片的多媒体制作及在教学中的应用

由英国现代教育学家、心理学家托尼·布赞提出的 ,以神经细胞结构为基础的“脑图”在学习中能提高人的记忆力和理解力。这种教学方法已为国外教育界所接受 ,并将其用于教学过程中。目前在国内还未见到将这种方法用于教学。笔者利用托尼·布赞的“脑图”模式 ,制作出了一套 2 11张《运动解剖学》“脑图”幻灯演示片 ,并用于教学过程中。     

运动干预下重症肝损伤中肝组织bcl-2和bax mRNA的差异表达

目的观察阻塞性黄疸致重症SD大鼠肝损伤模型,在运动联合胚胎干细胞输注下的肝组织形态、血液学相关指标变化及凋亡相关因子mRNA的差异表达。方法构建阻黄致重症肝损伤模型,将48只SD大鼠随机分为对照、运动、运动联合胚胎干细胞、胚胎干细胞4组;HE染色法观察肝细胞形态变化;生物化学法分析血清中ALT、AST含量;RT-PCR技术检测bcl-2、bax mRNA表达水平。结果 HE染色显示对照组肝细胞大量片状坏死,肝索排列紊乱,运动组肝细胞大量点状坏死,胚胎干细胞组肝细胞少量点状坏死,运动联合胚胎干细胞组肝细胞未见明显坏死;血清学检查显示胚胎干细胞组和运动联合胚胎干细胞组SD大鼠血清AST、ALT含量较运动组和对照组低(P<0.05);RT-PCR检测技术显示胚胎干细胞组和运动联合胚胎干细胞组SD大鼠bax mRNA表达水平较运动组和对照组低(P<0.01),而bcl-2 mRNA表达则较运动组和对照组高(P<0.01)。结论中等强度有氧运动联合胚胎干细胞输注能明显减轻SD大鼠阻塞性黄疸引起的重症肝损伤,其对重症肝损伤发生保护作用的分子机制可能与通过抑制细胞凋亡通路有关。     

关于专业运动训练对机体抗氧化能力及红细胞膜流动性影响的探讨

运动增加了氧耗量,导致机体抗氧化能力的下降以及脂质过氧化机率的提高,同时还降低了红细胞膜的流动性。但经过专业训练后的运动员,其机体的抗氧化能力及红细胞膜流动性却有增强的趋势。由此认为规律性的专业运动训练能提高机体抗氧化能力以及增强红细胞膜的流动性。