Introduction to the Special Forum on Critical Making as Research Program

This special issue spotlights the growing diversity of critical making practices in a range of disciplinary contexts both inside and outside of the academy, and begins to develop perspectives that will foster the emergence of critical making as a coherent field. On one hand, we see great value in incorporating material practices into existing information systems (IS) and science and technology studies (STS) research programs. In particular, forms of material engagement can help overcome the ineffectual linguistic bias of traditional critiques of technoscience. On the other hand, we believe that current material practices can benefit from the conceptualization of knowledge and social organization that are foundational to IS and STS research. In this introduction to the special issue we call attention to the mechanisms by which such practices may combine representational and material work to foster and support the development of new knowledge-making communities and institutions. We believe such work can serve as a framework for others engaged in critical making practices to better contextualize and expand the relevance of their work. We intend this special issue to serve as a “stake in the ground” for research on new forms of material-conceptual critique and their incorporation in the repertoire of critical technoscience scholarship.     

Expert group formation using facility location analysis

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework to retrieve an optimal group of experts to perform a multi-aspect task. While a diverse set of skills are needed to perform a multi-aspect task, the group of assigned experts should be able to collectively cover all these required skills. We consider three types of multi-aspect expert group formation problems and propose a unified framework to solve these problems accurately and efficiently. The first problem is concerned with finding the top k experts for a given task, while the required skills of the task are implicitly described. In the second problem, the required skills of the tasks are explicitly described using some keywords but each expert has a limited capacity to perform these tasks and therefore should be assigned to a limited number of them. Finally, the third problem is the combination of the first and the second problems. Our proposed optimization framework is based on the Facility Location Analysis which is a well known branch of the Operation Research. In our experiments, we compare the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework with the state-of-the-art approaches for the group formation problems. The experiment results show the effectiveness of our proposed methods in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches.     

Managing research and innovation networks: Evidence from a government sponsored cross-industry program

Important innovations are increasingly produced based on research engagement and fertilization across industries. However, we know little about the challenges associated with managing innovation networks in specific contexts that involves researchers in cross-industry collaboration. Against this backdrop, we draw on theory on design and orchestration of innovation networks to analyze a large-scale government sponsored program, “ProcessIT Innovations” that was designed to increase competitiveness and accelerate economic growth in Northern Sweden. The program was initiated and led by firms from the traditionally strong local process industry and engaged local researchers and firms from the emerging IT industry. Based on our analyses, we offer two contributions. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the challenges related to configuration of the network, orchestration of partnerships between participants, and facilitation of innovation in dedicated development projects. Second, we propose a model of managing research and innovation networks through fertilization across industries and between firms and research institutions.     

考虑视觉感官舒适度的园林建筑层次设计

利用传统算法在进行园林建筑设计的过程中,由于园林建筑层次受到设计人员主观因素的影响较大,难以进行准确的层次提取,造成设计效率和园林建筑层次感降低。为此,提出考虑视觉感官舒适度的园林建筑层次设计方法。根据韦伯-费普勒相关原理,建立园林中不同建筑物数目与视觉感官舒适度模型。针对模型中不同建筑物的主要特征进行提取,获取不同建筑物主要特征之间的映射关联性,从而完成视觉感官舒适度的园林建筑层次设计。实验结果表明,利用本文算法进行园林建筑层次设计,能够显著降低设计时间,提高园林建筑的层次感,效果令人满意。     

参数化建筑设计中模糊物元分析模型研究

为了提高参数化建筑设计的空间形态完美程度,将模糊物元分析模型运用于参数化建筑设计。使用模糊物元分析模型的目的就在于用模糊相容问题来解决模糊不相容问题,第一步构建从优隶属度模糊物元矩阵,第二步构建差平方复合模糊物元矩阵,最后确定熵权。经实例仿真,采用rhino软件对艺术馆进行参数化设计。实验证明,经过该方法完成的艺术馆设计,造型别致而且空间形态丰富,具有一定的应用价值。     

面向集团企业的商业智能系统构建研究

概述了商业智能的涵义及实现过程,在分析集团企业的商业智能需求及模式的基础上,以中石油某集团公司为例,提出了一个面向集团企业的具体的完整的商业智能解决方案.     

中日图书馆特殊服务比较及思考

简要介绍及对比中日两国图书馆的特殊服务,并针对我国图书馆特殊服务需要改进的地方提出对策建议。     

新生代农民工社会融入微观政策研究:以上海周浦为例

随着改革开放的不断深化,新生代农民工不断涌入上海周浦,他们在为周浦当地的经济社会发展做出贡献的同时,也带来了一系列的副作用,既加大了社会管理的难度,也增加了社会管理的成本。基于此,周浦不断调整政策,探索出了一条社会管理的新路径,在促进新生代农民工社会融入方面取得较大的成效。但是,要把成效固化下来,要让成效持久化,就必须高度重视制度设计、制度建设。     

团购导航网站用户满意度研究

为了对团购导航网站进行较为客观的用户满意度评价,本文在文献回顾、专家咨询、问卷调查的基础上,运用因子分析法归纳出影响团购导航网站用户满意度的五大公因子：网站界面、网站性能、网站信息质量、网站服务、网站形象,并由此建立了相应的评价指标体系。然后以此为基础,提出了运用灰色关联分析法对团购导航网站用户满意度进行测评,并建议结合第三方监测机构的监测数据对导航网站的实际运营情况进行分析,最后利用本文提出的指标体系和研究方法,对3个团购导航网站进行了实证分析。有利于网站运营者从用户角度出发,发现网站存在的缺陷,并为网站改进指明了方向。     

防打结耳机的研究和设计

在生活中,耳机越来越成为人们不可或缺的东西。通过对耳机的市场分析以及大范围的问卷调查,人们更看重的是性价比以及耳机的设计感,消费者也表示使用过程中频频出现了一些譬如耳机线打结的问题。所以设计出解决当前困扰防打结的耳机线,满足人们生活中的需求。根据耳机线打结的原理,通过犀牛软件建模设计出防打结耳机。