日本《小学数学学习指导要领》内容结构的调整与变化

日本文部科学省于2008年3月28日公布了新的《小学数学学习指导要领》(简称《要领》),新《要领》的内容结构与日本现行的《要领》相比发生了较大的变化。分析《要领》基本框架和内容的调整特点,可对我国小学数学课程改革提供参考和借鉴。     

The relationship between meeting of recommendations on physical activity for health and perceived work ability among white-collar workers

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between meeting recommendations on physical activity for health in leisure-time and the ability to work among Polish white-collar workers. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 360 white-collar workers. Participants recorded 7-day physical activity logs, including form, duration and intensity of leisure-time physical activities. The results were compared to health recommendations. A standardized Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire was used in assessing the ability to work. Results: Participants who met health recommendations achieved higher scores of the WAI (mean score?=?41.93) in comparison to those who were not sufficiently physically active (mean score?=?39.35) (p?Conclusions: Meeting leisure-time physical activity recommendations (especially the criterion of vigorous physical activity) is significantly related to higher self-assessed ability to work among white-collar workers.     

医学论文中涉及动物实验和临床试验的伦理规范调查及案例分析

【目的】 调查涉及动物实验和临床试验论文的伦理规范,并对《第三军医大学学报》在践行中遇到的典型案例进行分析。【方法】 利用中国知网或通过期刊调查方式,分别检索并选取动物实验研究和涉及人的临床试验研究（包括前瞻性研究、回顾性研究、取自人体标本研究、人群调查研究）各20篇,以调查其伦理规范。挑选《第三军医大学学报》最近发表的有代表性的5篇论文作为典型案例,对作者的伦理表述规范程度进行审查和分析。【结果】 调查结果显示：作者对涉及人的临床试验研究伦理声明的规范程度明显强于动物实验,动物实验存在伦理委员会审批缺失,临床试验论文也存在患者知情同意、伦理委员会审批或临床试验注册的缺失。从挑选的最近发表的5篇论文来看,在初步践行伦理规范之后,作者的伦理表述规范程度明显增强。【结论】 对动物实验及临床试验伦理规范的初步践行,强化了作者的出版伦理意识,但仍需要编辑不断引导作者规范伦理声明。     

医学论文作者单位署名不当现象的调查分析及伦理规范探讨

【目的】 调查医学论文作者单位署名不当现象的几种典型方式,分析这些现象背后的原因,提出相应的建议和措施,并探讨其伦理规范。【方法】 对《第三军医大学学报》2016年10月26日—2016年12月31日545篇来稿及2015年同期444篇来稿中未标明作者和单位署名的论文进行调查,按照作者投稿时注册的信息打电话核实情况,并采用卡方检验对数据进行统计学分析。对《第三军医大学学报》收到的单位署名和论文内容不相关,病例资料来源与第一署名单位不一致的2篇论文进行案例调查,指出各自存在的伦理问题。【结果】 2016年所调查时间段共有53篇（9.7%）在初投稿中无作者和单位署名,明显高于2015年所调查时间段\[7篇（1.6%）\],且差异有统计学意义（χ2=28.51,P＜0.01）。对2016年53篇未署名论文核实其登记的作者信息时,发现可能存在第三方代写、中介机构代投情况。对案例1作者单位署名和论文内容不相关,案例2病例资料来源与第一署名单位不一致的情况进行调查,经核实均属于作者隶属的机构单位与完成课题的机构单位不一致的单位署名不当。【结论】 编辑要提高警惕并核实单位署名不当的论文,采取适当对策,制定有针对性的伦理规范以约束作者署名行为。     

我国医学期刊遵循临床试验注册制度的现状调查

临床试验注册的目的是减少临床试验报告的偏倚,提高研究的透明度和科学性。本研究调查了我国258种医学核心期刊的稿约,57种(22.1%)期刊稿约中要求遵循临床试验注册制度,其中50种期刊提出了具体的著录要求。进一步深入探讨各期刊发表的随机对照试验(RCT)中临床试验注册号著录格式及内容的一致性和准确性,以及RCT撰写遵循CONSORT报告指南是否对著录注册号有影响。本研究结果表明目前我国医学期刊对临床试验注册和报告指南的遵循情况并不理想,报告注册的RCT仅占17.2%,仍存在对注册制度重视不足及执行不严格等问题,而期刊要求遵循CONSORT声明可能对RCT的注册有积极的影响。建议医学期刊遵循临床试验注册制度,提高对其的正确认识和重视,这需要期刊审稿人、编辑及作者的共同参与,通过提高临床试验注册的比例,进而提升研究的透明度。     

医学编辑对临床实践指南的审理要点探讨

临床实践指南是医学期刊载文中数量占比不高,却十分重要和特殊的文献。医学编辑作为临床实践指南的“最后把关人”,应熟知指南的制订原则、方法步骤和审查要点,正确引导和适度参与指南的制订与修订,提高指南的刊登质量,增强我国医学指南的规范性和效力。本文通过查阅中华医学会较权威的10种期刊近期刊登的10部临床实践指南,结合相关文献查阅,梳理目前我国医学期刊发表的临床实践指南存在的主要问题,总结编辑在临床实践指南审查和处理过程中应注意的几个关键点,为医学编辑参与审理临床实践指南提供参考。     

Representations or people?

Most guidelines and proposalsfor Internet research ethics are based onregulations for human subjects research. In therelated research, Internet material is viewedas animate and described as people. Humanitiesresearchers have rarely been a part of thedebate about Internet research ethics and thepractices of these scholars have not been takeninto consideration when drafting most of theguidelines. This threatens to limit the kindsof Internet research that can be performed – critical strategies are particularlydiscouraged – and the ways that researchers andother users understand the Internet.Researchers who use human subjects models havenot fully acknowledged computer mediation, theconstructed aspects of Internetrepresentations, and the screen. If we viewInternet material as cultural production thenthe models for Internet research would be ArtHistory and Visual Culture, English andLiterary Studies, Film and Media Studies, Musicand Sound Studies, and Theatre and PerformanceStudies. A more complete integration of theseapproaches into Internet Studies – either as asole investigatory strategy or in tandem withother forms of inquiry – would changeresearchers' ethical questions. It would alsoshow instances in which human subjectsguidelines do not apply to complex Internetmaterial. It is imperative to demonstrate thatInternet material is not people because thisconception makes highly constructed words andimages seem natural and stereotypedrepresentations appear to be real.     

医学期刊发表专业共识的探索与实践

【目的】探讨医学期刊发表专业共识对于提升期刊学术质量及影响力的意义。【方法】结合《中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版)》自创刊以来对多种感染病相关专家共识制定的实践经验进行分析。【结果】 《中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版)》自创刊以来针对感染病领域内的热点和难点问题,组织相关领域专家通过召开研讨会的形式编写制定的26项专家共识(建议),对于提升本刊的学术质量和影响力发挥了重要作用。【结论】医学期刊发表专业共识对于提升期刊,尤其是新创刊的学术质量及影响力有重要意义。     

Guidelines for standard photography in gross and clinical anatomy

Photography has a widespread usage in medicine and anatomy. In this review, authors focused on the usage of photography in gross and clinical anatomy. Photography in gross and clinical anatomy is not only essential for accurate documentation of morphological findings but also important in sharing knowledge and experience. Photographs of cadavers are supposed to demonstrate the required information clearly. Thus, photographs should be taken with certain techniques in order to obtain high quality and standardization. Camera, lens, lighting, background, and certain photographic techniques are among the factors to achieve precise images. A set of suggested guidelines for accomplishing these standards are given for anatomists.     

A Quest for website accessibility in higher education institutions

Researchers increasingly suggest that accessibility remains a prominent issue across the World Wide Web (www). This study raises awareness about issues of access in higher education. This qualitative research design utilized a listserv that invited university based webmasters to use freeware to evaluate the overall accessibility of their institutions' homepage website. Participation was voluntary and evaluations were gathered electronically. Our sample indicated that most universities' homepages were non-compliant with the www.WorldWideWeb Consortium guidelines. One particular institution, however, satisfied all W3C guidelines earning a perfect Triple A. Simply stated, this exemplary website serves people of all exceptionalities. Studying this institution's implementation process, we propose that other institutions might emulate this exemplary model to achieve greater website accessibility for all constituents.