胡乔木晚年在党的指导思想拨乱反正中的历史作用

"文化大革命"结束后,党面临诸多领域拨乱反正的任务,但最重要最根本的首先是党的指导思想的拨乱反正.只有重新确立了正确的指导思想,才能彻底纠正"文化大革命"的错误,真正实现工作重点的转移,迈开改革开放的步伐.晚年胡乔木对发动"文化大革命"的理论进行了深刻的剖析;对"文化大革命"的性质进行了科学的定性;对毛泽东的历史地位和毛泽东思想进行了科学的实事求是的评价;对中国20年犯"左"倾错误的原因进行了深入的探讨.这些理论上的努力,为彻底纠正"左"倾错误,实现党的指导思想的拨乱反正,奠定了牢固的思想和理论基础.     

“国土资源调查方法”教学指导思想的探讨

＂国土资源调查方法＂是在地质学、资源勘查工程等专业高年级本科开设的一门综合性、实践性很强的专业课程,对于提高地质调查的综合实践能力极为重要。教学指导思想可以全面提升学生参加地质野外实践的兴趣和专业素质,提高地质调查的操作能力,并为高年级的生产实践和毕业论文、毕业设计编写奠定基础。其教学内容应突出＂重实践、重操作、重模拟＂,理论与实践紧密结合是该课程的主要教学方法。知识点的理解和运用是检验学习效果的主要方法,因此不宜去搞应试教育。     

Usability design strategies for children： Developing children＇s learning and knowledge in decreasing their dental anxiety

This paper presents an example of how usability design strategies for children can be designed into educational material using CD-ROM based multimedia application for assisting parents and teachers to develop children＇s learning and knowledge in decreasing as well as motivate children aged 7-9 years old to reduce their anxious feelings towards dental treatment. In this paper, the authors provide usability design strategies for children in designing the information interfaces and presentation of a PMLE （persuasive multimedia learning environment）. PMLE is designed based on the six design categories of guidelines for children which have been applied to this study： general interaction, text, multimedia, navigation and search, graphical user interface and content. The results authors were able to on presenting this PMLE to 240 primary school children selected at random show how the decrease children＇s dental anxiety and motivate the children to get ready for dental visit.     

罚金刑的正义及其实现——以中英罚金量刑为视角

罚金量刑是否符合正义要求,受社会观念和法律规定的双重影响。在罚金量刑上,中英法院都避免“以罚代刑”观念;在量刑原则上,我国注重普遍平等,英国注重罚金刑个别平等;在罚金数额计算上,我国主要以犯罪对象为依据,英国在确定适用罚金等级后,需要查明犯罪人财产状况。尽管对罚金量刑的正义内涵理解不同,但我国在罚金量刑正义的制度保障方面需要进一步完善。     

Mass media representations of the evidence as a possible deterrent to recommending exercise for the treatment of depression: Lessons five years after the extraordinary case of TREAD-UK

Exercise or physical activity are recommended options within stepped-care treatment models for depression. However, few physicians present these options to patients, in part because of the impression that the supporting evidence is weak or inconsistent. We speculate that the coocurrence of “counter-messaging” and deficient critical appraisal may lead to such impressions. We focus on TREAD-UK (ISRCTN16900744), the largest trial to investigate “whether physical activity can be an effective treatment for depression within primary care”. In media statements, researchers declared that exercise was ineffective in lowering depression. We examined (a) the results of the trial, critiques, and rejoinders, (b) the impact on internet searches, and (c) whether TREAD-UK was critically appraised, as reflected in citing articles. We show that the results of TREAD-UK were misrepresented. The media campaign resulted in a fourfold increase in relevant internet searches. Of articles characterising the results, 57% adopted the interpretation that exercise failed to lower depression, whereas only 17% were critiques. We identify similarities to media portrayals of the OPERA (ISRCTN43769277), DEMO (NCT00103415), and DEMO-II trials (NCT00695552). We note a disconcerting trend of media campaigns that misrepresent the effects of exercise on depression and call for increased scrutiny in peer reviewing both pre- and post-publication.     

Inter-agency cooperation in the quality assurance of transnational education: challenges and opportunities

This paper presents the findings of a study undertaken by the United Kingdom Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA), with support from the International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE), aimed at investigating the challenges and limits to cross-border cooperation in the quality assurance of transnational education. The study builds on the outcomes of the recently concluded Erasmus Mundus project Quality Assurance of Cross-Border Higher Education (QACHE) and in particular the QACHE Toolkit developed as part of the project to foster cooperation between quality assurance agencies in quality assuring transnational education. Based on the responses to a survey sent to QAA’s partner agencies in key sending and receiving countries of transnational education, the study extract recommendations to agencies to help them developing viable strategies for inter-agency cooperation, identifying concrete ways in which they might or might not cooperate across borders.     

医学期刊稿约中动物实验伦理标准的现状及完善建议

本文旨在提出适应我国医学期刊发展要求和特点、操作性较强的稿约基本细则.本次调查发现我国医学期刊编辑部对动物实验伦理的意识有所提高,但稿约中的动物实验伦理标准存在表述不规范、可参考性低等现象.稿约是作者和审者对实验动物伦理认知的主要途径之一,医学期刊编辑应树立伦理的底线意识,传播负责任的医学研究成果.在学术期刊高质量发展...     

A cross-cultural study of adolescents' physical activity levels in France and Spain

Abstract

The goals of this study were (1) to describe and compare levels of physical activity (PA), assessed by accelerometry, of adolescents in two close Spanish and French cities according to gender and period of the week and (2) to assess, with reference to country and gender, the extent to which international PA guidelines were fulfilled. The PA of 401 adolescents (53.37% females) from France and Spain (55.72% French) aged 14.45±0.67 years was assessed with GT3X accelerometers for seven consecutive days to evaluate their habitual levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Data collection took place from September to December 2010 in six public and state schools in France and Spain. There were significant differences in MVPA in terms of country, gender and period of the week. Spanish adolescents were more active than French adolescents, boys were more active than girls and MVPA was higher on weekdays than at weekends. French girls showed the lowest level of PA. Only 35.9% of the whole sample met the guidelines for PA in both countries. Governments of relevant countries, especially France, should adopt PA promotion policies targeted at adolescents in order to enhance their compliance with PA guidelines.     

Blockbusters: Ideas for the block center

The values of block play include development of hand-eye coordination, thinking skills, language development, cooperation among children, mathematical concepts, and many others. Guidelines for the block center and activities are described and illustrated. Samples of task cards and sentence strips give practical ideas for the classroom.     

Return journey: ‘snakes in the swamp’

In 1985 Falmer Press published my first book, a classroom ethnography entitled Initial Encounters in a Secondary School, which helped establish me as an academic. However, it has long concerned me that the decade-long Victoria Road Lower School Project (as it came to be called) contained two resounding ‘silences’:

• Silence 1 concerned the changing autobiographical, authorial ‘selves’ that lay behind it.

• Silence 2 concerned the unknown impact ‘Initial Encounters’ had upon Lower School and the subsequent careers of the teachers who had featured in it. To investigate this last year I managed to trace and interview some 60% of the staff (15 in total) who had featured in the original study.

‘Return Journey’ is best regarded as an experiment in ‘retrospective ethnography’, raising issues relating to both the autobiographical self and the ethics of ethnography, neither of which were accorded much significance in the late 1970s at the time of the initial research.