美国中学社会研究课程的标准与指导思想述评

社会研究是美国中学开设的全国性核心课程之一，是一门集历史、地理、社会学、经济学、人类学知识领域为一体的综合性学科。美国全国社会研究委员会综合了许多相关学科委员会的报告发布了全国社会研究课程的标准，并对全国性的社会研究课程的教学提出了建议和指导思想。本文就这些方面的内容进行述评。     

从健康第一思想看我国学校体育改革

通过文献资料、理论分析、对比等方法对健康第一指导思想与学校体育课程改革的关系进行研究,提出树立健康第一指导思想,加强学校体育与学校健康教育的结合,是我国学校体育整体改革的方向。要旨就是为即将全面推行的体育课程改革服务。     

Using communication to manage uncertainty about cervical cancer screening guideline adherence among Appalachian women

Changes to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for cervical cancer preventive services have led to patient confusion, especially in medically underserved populations. We investigated how patient uncertainty concerning cervical cancer screening guidelines is appraised and managed through communication with healthcare providers by conducting in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 24 adult women between the ages of 24 and 65 (m?=?41, SD?=?14) living in Appalachia Kentucky. In general, participants expressed a high degree of uncertainty about the updated cervical cancer screening guidelines and appraised this uncertainty as both a danger and an opportunity. Communication with healthcare providers served both to exacerbate and to mitigate patient uncertainty. The study identifies how healthcare providers may use the change in USPSTF guidelines as a “teachable moment” to productively counsel patients on the importance of timely screening, the typical progression of certain types of high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) infection to cervical cancer, and the importance of follow-up care.     

How quality assurance codes change: beyond ‘bells and whistles’ and ‘code by catastrophe’?

Quality assurance codes and guidelines for systems of higher education change frequently and sometimes rapidly and dramatically. More often changes are gradual and incremental. This paper examines types of change to these codes and guidelines and uses strategic management theory to outline three modes of development and change. An example of gradual change, sometimes referred to as ‘logical incrementalism’ or ‘adding bells and whistles’ is outlined from Oman. A contrasting example of discontinuous change known as ‘emergent strategy’ or ‘code by catastrophe’ is used from Australia. Elements of a third ‘co-participative’ model incorporating stakeholder and community input alongside technical knowledge are becoming more frequent. An ideal model is proposed drawing from the best aspects of logical incrementalism and co-participative development. This model can be applied to changes in codes, guidelines and standards in multiple systems and sectors.     

马克思主义：党的执政能力建设的灵魂

马克思主义是党的执政能力建设的根本指导思想，十六届四中全会《决定》从党执政的根本问题、党执政能力的根本要求、意识形态领域的指导地位和新的实践的时代要求等四个方面进行直接阐述，可见其重要性和紧迫性。对照现实存在的五大方面问题，提出巩固马克思主义指导地位要着重从执政理念、物质基础、基石、干部队伍、群众基础和青年学生教育等方面采取实效措施，以从指导思想方面提高党的执政能力。     

论十六大以来维护我国社会稳定的方针原则

维护社会稳定是我国社会主义现代化建设过程中的一个重大课题。新世纪新阶段,由改革深化和社会转型以及利益调整而引发的社会不稳定因素不断增多,进一步凸显了党维护社会稳定的极端重要性和紧迫性。十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央十分重视维护社会稳定并提出一系列方针原则,即维护社会稳定必须以社会主义核心价值体系凝聚人心,必须以构建社会主义和谐社会协调矛盾,必须以改革力度、发展速度和社会可承受度的统一平衡关系,必须以政治意识、战略思维和全局观念对待和解决社会问题,从而为维护社会稳定提供了基本准则。     

The Association between Physical Activity Behavior and Commonly Reported Barriers in a Worksite Population

Recent experiments on the ski simulator produced ambiguous results and raised unanswered questions concerning the true nature of “novice” behavior and the occurrence of behavioral changes during learning. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the evolving behavior of three beginners during six practice sessions on a ski simulator. The position of the apparatus platform was recorded as time series and used for constructing dynamical models, including stiffness and damping functions. The results showed that novices tended to exploit a Rayleigh damping behavior during the first trials and then transition toward a van der Pol damping. These results replicate previous observations by Nourrit, Delignières, Caillou, Deschamps, and Lauriot (2003) and suggest the transition to the expert behavior could arise early in practice, when the task is of moderate difficulty. The discussion focuses on the properties of the observed learning dynamics and proposes a global conceptualization for acquiring complex motor skills.     

Distance Learning Librarianship Research Over Time

Abstract

This paper informally presents the results of a study using a combined survey/interview technique that asked experienced extended, distance and/or distributed library services librarians for their advice to novice librarians in the field. The primary recommendation is to build relationships. Other strategies are offered in the areas of marketing, gathering information, evaluating policies, remaining flexible, keeping up with technology, and using the ACRL Guidelines for Distance Library Services.     

Developing a Best Practices Plan for Tutorials in a Multi-Library System

In 2010, the University of Iowa's library system administration created a task force to conduct a reevaluation of tools and spaces used for video tutorial creation across a multi-library system. Following this effort, a working group was charged with improving documentation and staff awareness of resources for developing video tutorials. The group observed that librarians were often independently creating videos that were variable in quality, lacked consistent branding, and were not often shared with others. This article will describe experiences at the Hardin Library for the Health Sciences at the University of Iowa in selecting video tutorial software, and striving to establish a more structured process, including team-developed guidelines, for tutorial creation in a multi-library system. Project limitations and areas for future work will also be presented.     

A Checklist for Starting and Operating a Digital Reference Desk

Summary

This article explores digital reference and offers practical advice to those interested in implementing a digital reference desk in their library. Digital/chat/online reference services are defined and practical guidelines on staffing, selecting and troubleshooting hardware and software, training, and marketing are offered for those establishing such a service.