壳聚糖对运动训练大鼠骨骼肌和肝脏线粒体自由基代谢的影响

了解壳聚糖对大鼠耐力运动中自由基代谢的影响。大鼠进行4周跑台耐力训练,以0.5g kg壳聚糖灌胃,测定骨骼肌和肝脏线粒体中丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧的含量。结果表明:服药组与运动组比较骨骼肌和肝脏线粒体中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);服药组骨骼肌活性氧含量显著低于运动组(P<0.05);肝脏活性氧没有明显的变化。壳聚糖能有效地减轻运动所产生的内源性自由基对大鼠的伤害,增强大鼠运动能力,延缓疲劳的发生。     

乡土社会仪式中的身体运动研究

运用文献调研、实地考察等研究方法,以特纳《仪式过程》理论为导向,以福建厦门“送王船”仪式中“阈限”范畴内的身体运动为研究对象,挖掘“送王船”仪式活动沿承的社会元素。认为,“送王船”仪式中“阈限”过程中的身体运动是该仪式活动的核心支撑及象征之展示。在人类发展过程中的原始宗教观促生了以肢体运动的象征寓意,以身体运动文化反应精神和心灵需求。这种肢体运动的内涵与外延,在海峡两岸关系和谐发展中具有积极的文化政治导向功能,对村落经济发展具有可视的补偿性功能,有利于实现村落传统文化功能激活,是时代发展中村民们的重要精神寄托,对农村劳动力素质培植将产生潜移默化的作用。     

江苏省中老年人群健身路径使用现状与服务管理对策

运用问卷调查、数理统计和访谈法，对江苏省8个城区中老年人在体育锻炼中运用体育健身路径的现状进行了调查与分析，揭示中老年人通过体育健身路径进行体育锻炼的现状与存在的问题，并对如何使体育健身路径在中老年人的体育锻炼中更好地发挥作用提出可行的建议与对策，以便更好地帮助中老年人通过体育健身路径提高健身质量。     

High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: Implications for exercise adherence

Abstract

The aim of this study was to objectively quantify ratings of perceived enjoyment using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale following high-intensity interval running versus moderate-intensity continuous running. Eight recreationally active men performed two running protocols consisting of high-intensity interval running (6×3 min at 90% [Vdot]O_2max interspersed with 6×3 min active recovery at 50% [Vdot]O_2max with a 7-min warm-up and cool down at 70% [Vdot]O_2max) or 50 min moderate-intensity continuous running at 70% [Vdot]O_2max. Ratings of perceived enjoyment after exercise were higher (P < 0.05) following interval running compared with continuous running (88 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 12) despite higher (P < 0.05) ratings of perceived exertion (14 ± 1 vs. 13 ± 1). There was no difference (P < 0.05) in average heart rate (88 ± 3 vs. 87 ± 3% maximum heart rate), average [Vdot]O₂ (71 ± 6 vs. 73 ± 4%[Vdot]O_2max), total [Vdot]O₂ (162 ± 16 vs. 166 ± 27 L) or energy expenditure (811 ± 83 vs. 832 ± 136 kcal) between protocols. The greater enjoyment associated with high-intensity interval running may be relevant for improving exercise adherence, since running is a low-cost exercise intervention requiring no exercise equipment and similar relative exercise intensities have previously induced health benefits in patient populations.     

Alterations in Body Size and Composition Consequent to Astro-Trimmer and Slim-Skins Training Programs

Tennis is an activity requiring both endurance and anaerobic components, which could have immunosuppressive effects postexercise.

Purpose

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of a simulated tennis match on apoptotic and migratory markers on lymphocyte subsets.

Method

Male high school (n = 5) and college (n = 3) tennis players (M _age = 18.9 ± 3.3 years) completed 10 sets of a tennis protocol including serves, forehand strokes, and backhand groundstrokes with 1-min rest periods between sets. Apoptosis antigen 1 receptor (CD95) and chemokine receptor fractalkine (CX₃CR1) expression was analyzed on helper T lymphocytes (CD4+), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), and B lymphocytes (CD19+) twice, at resting baseline and immediately after all 10 sets of the tennis protocol.

Results

An increase was observed in each lymphocyte subtype (p < .02, effect size = .41), and comparison of absolute changes revealed increases in CD4+/CD95+, CD8+/CD95+, and CD8+/CX₃CR1 lymphocytes following the tennis protocol (p < .01, effect size = .43), but not in CD19+ cells.

Conclusions

A simulated tennis match has adequate intensity to induce immune modulations in terms of increased cell death and cellular migration in T lymphocyte subsets. Lymphocytopenia following tennis play is influenced by both apoptotic and migratory mechanisms.     

论心率在老年人体育锻炼中的运用

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人在体育锻炼中存在一些锻炼误区，对此提出采用简单易行的心率方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

重复运动对骨骼肌超微结构变化的实验研究

目的:探讨重复运动后大鼠骨骼肌超微结构的改变。方法:雄性SD大鼠72只随机分为对照组、1次离心运动组和连续1周重复运动训练组。1次离心运动组进行1次下坡跑运动,重复运动组按照同样的强度进行连续7天的下坡跑训练。分别在1次离心运动即刻、24h、48 h、72 h、120 h、168 h和第7天末次训练后即刻24 h、48 h、72 h、120 h、168 h取股四头肌。结果:1次离心运动后即刻和24 h、48 h,股四头肌超微结构的损伤性变化呈现渐进性加重,运动后第168 h基本上可恢复到运动前水平;7次离心训练后即刻和24 h股四头肌超微结构的损伤性变化也具有相似的趋势,但训练后168 h后仍未完全恢复;且在各个时段,7天离心训练组股四头肌的损伤性变化均比一次离心运动组更加严重。结论:重复运动所致的骨骼肌损伤具有一定的延迟现象,在1次离心运动后即刻,骨骼肌损伤从整体看并不严重,但在运动后24h出现明显的损伤性变化;48 h达到高点,而运动后7天骨骼肌损伤基本上可以恢复。连续的重复运动可能导致骨骼肌纤维的损伤产生一定的累加作用。     

视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征,为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生,共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力）,并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05）,8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05）,开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响,且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。     

对运动协调归属问题的探析

运动员的协调能力与运动水平、竞技能力密切相关。运动协调的内在机制相对复杂，在其归属问题上，还存在认识上的分歧。在综述当前对“运动协调”归属划分的几种观点的基础上，提出运动协调是一种具体的客观存在的观点。认为，协调性归属于身体素质范畴，协调性与灵敏性之间存在着一定的联系，即协调性是灵敏性的基础，两者表现方式不同。     

牛磺酸对丙二醛诱导疲劳大鼠的保护作用

目的:研究丙二醛(MDA)诱导的运动性疲劳及牛磺酸(Tau)抗运动性疲劳作用及可能的机制。方法:60只SD大鼠分成对照组(C组)、生理盐水组(E组)、Tau组(T组)、MDA组(M组)及Tau喂食后再喂食MDA组(T+M组)和MDA喂食后再喂食Tau组(M+T组),测试各组大鼠7 d游泳力竭所经历时间变化,及LA和LDH活性,心肌和腓肠肌Ca2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase活性的差异。结果:M组大鼠力竭时间缩短而T组大鼠力竭时间延长,T+M组大鼠力竭时间缩短而M+T组大鼠力竭时间又延长;T组大鼠LA降低而LDH活性升高,喂食MDA后则逆转了这一过程,M组大鼠LA升高而LDH活性降低,喂食Tau后也能拮抗这一过程;M组Ca2+-ATPase、Na+-K+-ATPase活性活性降低而T组活性升高,M组大鼠喂食Tau及T组大鼠喂食MDA后可以逆转这一过程。结论:MDA可以直接诱导运动性疲劳而Tau能有效的抗MDA所诱导的疲劳过程。