价格和广告传递医疗质量信息的局限性——二元社会保障结构下的博弈分析

已有研究认为,价格和广告对于解决消费者和厂商之间的质量信息不对称问题起着关键的作用;但在二元社会保障结构和医疗需求远大于供给的情况下,价格和广告对医疗产品和服务这类经验品的质量信息传递是有局限的,并表现出提供高质量产品和服务的厂商采取"高价格、低广告投入"策略,而提供低质量产品和服务的厂商采取"低价格、高广告投入"策略的特征。对于具备完善社会保障的群体而言,价格的确能起到传递医疗质量信号的作用;但是对于不具备完善社会保障的群体而言,广告并不能很好地发挥传递质量信号的作用;同时,医疗服务市场上存在逆向选择的可能,广告可能误导消费者的选择,而并不能解决信息不对称问题。应建立健全覆盖全社会的社会保障体系,增加优质医疗产品和服务的供给,强化医疗服务监管,并提高广大消费者的医疗素养。     

芦荟在食品中的应用及展望

芦荟是一种应用价值十分广泛的热带野生植物,本文重点地介绍了我国对芦荟在食品和保健品方面的应用,并展望了我国芦荟今后研究、开发利用前景和方向。     

保山市社区卫生服务的现状与发展前景

通过对保山市五县区开展包括预防、保健、健康教育、医疗、康复、计划生育技术指导“六位一体”的社区卫生服务进行了调查,发现保山市的社区卫生服务发展取得了一定成效,但从总体上看,仍处于初创阶段,社区预防保健、基本医疗等服务仍难以满足居民的健康需求,因此应深化社区卫生服务体制改革。     

基于保护动机理论的健康APP用户使用研究

移动医疗发展迅速,医疗健康管理成为研究热点,为了研究用户对健康APP的采纳意愿及影响因素。本文从技术视角和健康行为改变视角,基于UTAUT理论和PMT理论构建用户使用意愿研究模型,通过调查问卷收集数据,并利用SPSS和AMOS进行统计分析和结构方程建模。研究发现：绩效期望、信任感知、社会影响和努力期望依次显著正向影响用户的使用意愿;信任感知正向影响用户的自我效能和反应效能;用户的自我效能和反应效能分别正向影响用户的绩效期望、努力期望和社会影响;并为医疗健康服务商及APP开发运维商提供建议。     

国际个性化健康管理研究热点与发展趋势的信息计量分析

全面展示个性化健康管理领域在全球范围内的研究现状、重点国家（地区）,挖掘个性化健康管理领域研究热点与未来发展趋势,对于信息管理、电子健康、智慧医疗等领域的研究者全面掌握该领域研究状况和进一步开展相关领域研究具有参考意义。以2003-2017为时间跨度,利用检索式,得到刊载在1 656个期刊上的文献数据4 803条。基于信息计量分析软件获得分析结果：①个性化健康管理的年度发文数量呈稳步增长趋势;②88个国家或地区参与此领域的研究,相关科研机构主要分布在美国;③主要研究学科为医学、计算机科学、社会学;④研究热点主要集中在互联网应用、个性化医疗等方面;⑤未来研究趋势偏向于个性化健康的实现和电子健康记录等。     

社区图书馆为老年人提供健康信息服务初探

对社区图书馆为老年人健康信息服务的意义、可行性以及老年人健康信息需求等问题进行了探讨,并提出社区图书馆为老年人群体提供健康信息服务的方式.最后指出在健康信息服务过程中应注意的几个问题.     

Learning in action: creating a community of inquiry in a healthcare organisation

The aim of this paper is to discuss an insider action research project concerned with establishing an audit team, with responsibility for addressing a clinical and social services ‘assurance gap’ at corporate level in a healthcare organisation. The focus of the research account is on the knowledge that was generated internally by establishing the aforementioned team underpinned by an action learning ethos, and through the observed evolution of this team into a community of inquiry. Using the stages within the experiential learning cycle to guide team interventions and our own critical reflection, the authors have different research roles in this study; one has responsibility for the design, recruitment, establishment and management of this audit team, while the other acts as academic advocate in context. The knowledge that emerged from this study and the learning therein has the capacity to be actionable, that is, at the service of both academic and practitioner communities.     

Digital Gods: The Making of a Medical Fact for Rural Diagnostic Software

The chronic shortage of doctors in rural India seriously impacts the quality of health care available to villagers. In recent years, there has been considerable excitement in digital diagnostics as a possible answer to this situation by allowing non-doctors to diagnose and treat patients. In this article, the author focuses on one such diagnostic tool that has gained serious traction among transnational health foundations and state governments alike. The focus is on the customization and localization of this software through a pilot study in central Himalayas. A baseline survey and extensive interviews are conducted for categorization and population of health data content. This entailed analyzing the segmentation and transfer of health information on disease history and symptoms from the patient to the software as well as situating this study in the larger understanding of the healthcare system in this community. In doing so, the author argues that much of such health information is difficult to categorize and sufficiently vague to not provide for a confident diagnosis. Further, the data population of the treatment segment is deeply political and sociocultural. This article thereby problematizes the innate assumption underlying the design of such software, that it is possible to diagnose and treat patients based on pure information.     

Attitudes of researchers towards plagiarism: A study on a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

Plagiarism is one of the most common research misconducts and has many negative consequences. It can potentially destroy the reputation of an institution. Only a few studies have explored plagiarism in Saudi Arabia, and these have focused on academic institutions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the attitudes of researchers towards plagiarism at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using the established Attitudes Towards Plagiarism questionnaire. The questionnaire contains demographic data along with 29 statements divided into three sections: positive attitude towards plagiarism, which reflects the approval and acceptance of plagiarism (12 items); negative attitude towards plagiarism, which reflects deprecation and condemnation of plagiarism (7 items); and subjective norms towards plagiarism, which reflects personal perception of the extent and acceptance of plagiarism in society (10 items). Responses were collected from 237 participants. The overall attitudes of researchers showed a disapproval for plagiarism in medical research but also revealed some ambiguity about self‐plagiarism and a belief that others were more likely to plagiarize than the respondent. Our findings suggest that awareness about different forms of plagiarism among researchers should be increased. We recommend that researchers' attitudes towards plagiarism should be investigated further in a rigorous association study.     

大学生"三下乡"社会实践与高校活动课程开发

我国大学生志愿者暑期文化科技卫生"三下乡"社会实践活动是活动课程的一种重要的萌芽形态,对高校活动课程开发具有重要意义.在开发时应注意转变观念,重新认识大学生"三下乡"社会实践的育人功能;按课程标准系统建设大学生"三下乡"社会实践活动;强化专业性,妥善处理好直接经验与间接经验两者之间的关系;并坚持学生主体观,明确界定活动中主客体的地位及作用.