对儿童"代声音"的解读

在儿童“100种语言”中，儿童的每一种声音都充满了童趣。作为非真实的表达，“代声音”即是其中一种。本文拟通过探索儿童“代声音”背后的意义，为幼儿和谐发展之教育提供有价值的依据。     

儿童:特殊的文学接受群体

儿童作为一个特殊的文学接受群体，呈现着不同于成人的文学接受特点。个体阅读需要、作品吸引力和成人引导是促成儿童主动的或被动的阅读动机。在阅读兴趣选择上儿童表现出明显的渐变性和群体差异性。形象思维是儿童文学接受的主要思维形式。以直接印象介入作品，从故事层面感知而不以理性去判断作品是儿童文学接受中的主要特点。与成人相比，儿童阅读活动还明显带有感性冲动性，即情感性。     

少儿初学者的新型游泳背漂的设计与应用

针对现有背漂舒适度差、阻力大、易上滑的缺点,意在改良和设计一款新型背漂--鳍翼。采用观察法、问卷调查法、实验法,运用流体力学、运动生物力学原理,对新型背漂进行调查和实验研究。调查结果显示,与现有背漂相比,新型背漂舒适度良好。实验结果显示,与现有背漂相比,新型背漂出现系带滑落的次数、背漂上滑距离明显较少（P＜0.05）,且在25 m蛙泳腿测试中,实验组佩戴新型背漂的25 m蛙泳腿游进速度比对照组佩戴原有背漂的游进速度快,并存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。研究结果表明新型背漂比原有背漂的阻力小,结构更优化,有利于学员更快、更安全地学习游泳,也有利于提高教练的教学效果。     

儿童单纯性肥胖的运动干预原理与方法研究

儿童肥胖率持续上升已经成为一个全球性问题,引起了社会各界的高度关注。为能够让更多人了解运动的减肥原理,正确应用运动减肥的方法,有效预防、干预儿童单纯性肥胖,依据儿童身心发展的特征和规律,对儿童单纯性肥胖的危害、诊断方法、表现特征、诱发原因,以及运动干预的原理和方法,做了详细的分析和阐释。     

Neuro-mechanical adjustments to shod versus barefoot treadmill runs in the acute and delayed stretch-shortening cycle recovery phases

In habitually shod recreational runners, we studied the combined influence of footwear and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) fatigue on treadmill running pattern, paying special attention to neuro-mechanical adjustments in the acute and 2-day delayed recovery periods. The SSC exercise consisted of a series of 25 sub-maximal rebounds on a sledge apparatus repeated until exhaustion. The acute and delayed functional fatigue effects were quantified in a maximal drop jump test. The neuro-mechanical adjustments to fatigue were examined during two submaximal treadmill run tests of 3 min performed either barefoot or with shoes on. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities, tibial accelerations and kinematics of the right lower limb were recorded during the first and last 15 s of each run. The main result was that neuro-mechanical differences between the shod and barefoot running patterns, classically reported in the absence of fatigue, persisted in the fatigued state. However, in the delayed recovery phase, rearfoot eversion was found to significantly increase in the shod condition. This specific footwear effect is considered as a potential risk factor of overuse injuries in longer runs. Therefore, specific care should be addressed in the delayed recovery phase of SSC fatigue and the use of motion control shoes could be of interest.     

Accelerometer data requirements for reliable estimation of habitual physical activity and sedentary time of children during the early years - a worked example following a stepped approach

This study presents a worked example of a stepped process to reliably estimate the habitual physical activity and sedentary time of a sample of young children. A total of 299 children (2.9 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Outcome variables were daily minutes of total physical activity, sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity and proportional values of each variable. In total, 282 (94%) provided 3 h of accelerometer data on ≥1 day and were included in a 6-step process: Step-1: determine minimum wear-time; Step-2: process 7-day-data; Step-3: determine the inclusion of a weekend day; Step-4: examine day-to-day variability; Step-5: calculate single day intraclass correlation (ICC) (2,1); Step-6: calculate number of days required to reach reliability. Following the process the results were, Step-1: 6 h was estimated as minimum wear-time of a standard day. Step-2: 98 (32%) children had ≥6 h wear on 7 days. Step-3: no differences were found between weekdays and weekend days (P ≥ 0.05). Step-4: no differences were found between day-to-day variability (P ≥ 0.05). Step-5: single day ICC’s (2,1) ranged from 0.48 (total physical activity and sedentary time) to 0.53 (proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity). Step-6: to reach reliability (ICC = 0.7), 3 days were required for all outcomes. In conclusion following a 7 day wear protocol, ≥6 h on any 3 days was found to have acceptable reliability. The stepped-process offers researchers a method to derive sample-specific wear-time criterion.     

维吾尔语动词动元的配价研究

维吾尔语是典型的有形态标志的语言,与动词联系的从属成分一定有“格”的标志,这种形态变化就决定了这些从属成分特定和相对应的句法位置及语义关系。动词和从属成分之间的选择关系十分复杂,直接影响着动词的分类。论文用配价理论来分析研究维吾尔语动词是如何跟其他成分发生关系的,动词“价”的分类以及动词和“价”同现的条件。这将有利于研究维吾尔语动词次类的划分,从而进一步揭示维吾尔语动词的内在规律和特点。     

体育非物质文化遗产福建地术拳传承模式与传承路径探析

体育非物质文化遗产是我国传统体育文化的重要组成部分,对体育非物质文化遗产的保护和传承具有重要的意义。本文运用文献资料法、田野调查法对福建地术拳的传承发展的历史、现状及传承模式和传承路径进行梳理和归纳。研究发现福建地术拳并非单纯沿用传统的自然传承模式,而是在近一个世纪的传承过程中逐渐摸索出一条“以政宣武,以商养武,以武助商”的具有自我特色的传承模式和“六进”的传承路径。     

中欧体育健康项目“健康儿童?健康社会”研究

“健康儿童?健康社会”（HCSC）是在欧盟体育健康发展准则下,构建由家庭、学校、体育组织、地区政府等诸多部门组成的复合体系,通过降低BMI值减少超重,改善运动能力,进而提高个人生活质量。主要通过对HCSC项目的历史发展进行论述,对HCSC的核心理念、组织构架、运作模式3方面进行剖析,并以中国实验学校为例,对实验干预前后学生的身体健康指标进行对比分析,旨为国内相关领域研究抛砖引玉。     

狄更斯笔下的儿童教育问题

狄更斯一生写了二十多部小说 ,提出了方方面面的社会问题 ,其中对儿童的教育问题提得特别多。在作品中他极力为苦难儿童呐喊 ,强烈呼吁社会、学校及家庭重视儿童的教育问题 ,关心并帮助儿童健康成长。