Physical activity levels during Dutch primary and secondary school physical education

Abstract

Objective: Physical education (PE) has been attributed an important role in providing young people with physical activity. If sufficiently active, PE lessons could contribute to physical activity levels in youth. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the overall intensity of Dutch primary and secondary school physical education (PE) lessons and the influence of various lesson characteristics on these intensity levels. Methods: Between September 2008 and June 2009 heart rates were measured using the Polar Team System in a nationally distributed sample of 913 students in 40 schools in the Netherlands. Results: Overall percentages lesson time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 46.7% and 40.1% during primary school and secondary school PE respectively. Results indicated a sharp decline in girls’ PE intensity levels at the beginning of secondary school. Furthermore, secondary school boys were more active than girls. The high prevalence of teamgames in the Dutch PE curricula might prevent secondary school girls from attaining similar physical activity levels during PE.     

拳击比赛与4种专项训练后的乳酸和脉搏值变化的分析

跟踪监测了优秀拳击运动员比赛和4种不同负荷方式训练后的乳酸(LA)值和脉搏(HR)值。结果显示，比赛后的LA值高于4种不同负荷方式训练后的LA值；4种不同负荷方式训练后的LA值也存在明显差别；4种不同负荷方式训练后的HR值无明显差别。拳击运动员4种不同负荷方式训练后的LA测试结果显示，疾跑练习无氧酵解强度最高。     

心理训练方法在耐力跑教学中的运用

就如何通过心理训练,提高学生耐力跑学习的积极性与主动性,培养学生良好的心理素质,以求在素质教育的新形势下,体育教学更具合理化,科学化。．     

有氧健身操训练对女大学生心血管系统的影响

将39名健康女性分为普通组、业余组、运动员组进行健美操训练,采用彩色B—型超声方法,对心血管系统变化进行比较分析,结果表明这3组实验结果存在着明显的差异,并证实健美操训练可以增强心血管系统的功能。     

关于教学中提高高校女生耐力跑能力的探讨

通过对湖北省13所高校女生进行调查,发现高校女生普遍对耐力跑兴趣不高,这不仅给耐力跑教学带来了一定的困难,也阻碍了学生心肺功能的增强。本文采用问卷调查法、文献资料法、咨询法等对影响普通高校女生耐力跑能力的各因素进行了分析,其目的是提高耐力跑教学水平,并通过耐力跑达到强身健体,增强自信心,培养顽强意志。     

冠心病人的运动处方

在医生或康复体育专业人员的指导下进行适当的体育活动,是控制冠心病的关键。本文就大多数冠心病病人进行体育锻炼,针对运动处方提出了有益的建议。     

Is right ventricular mid-septal pacing superior to apical pacing in patients with high degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricular function?

Objective

We are aimed to investigate whether right ventricular mid-septal pacing (RVMSP) is superior to conventional right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) in improving clinical functional capacity and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricle (LV) function.

Methods

Ninety-two patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately reduced LVEF (ranging from 35% to 50%) were randomly allocated to RVMSP (n=45) and RVAP (n=47). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic LVEF, and distance during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) were determined at 18 months after pacemaker implantation. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results

Compared with baseline, NYHA functional class remained unchanged at 18 months, distance during 6MWT (485 m vs. 517 m) and LVEF (36.7% vs. 41.8%) were increased, but BNP levels were reduced (2352 pg/ml vs. 710 pg/ml) in the RVMSP group compared with those in the RVAP group, especially in patients with LVEF 35%–40% (for all comparisons, P<0.05). However, clinical function capacity and LV function measurements were not significantly changed in patients with RVAP, despite the pacing measurements being similar in both groups, such as R-wave amplitude and capture threshold.

Conclusions

RVMSP provides a better clinical utility, compared with RVAP, in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block and moderately depressed LV function whose LVEF levels ranged from 35% to 40%.     

论禅宗心性论与唐代文人禅诗

文人禅诗,具有宗教（禅）和文学（诗）二重性,是文人在创作中融人禅悟思维,以对现实和人生的深刻感悟为基础而形诸诗作,浸透着浓郁、强烈的禅学意蕴,具有一定的禅机、禅趣和禅意,渗透着醇醇禅韵和禅味。心在文人禅诗中主要体现出禅心、尘心和猿心三种内型,并且与文人形成互动,最终对唐诗创作手法、内容和意蕴的发展起到补充作用。     

瞳孔直径大小检测驾驶员疲劳的实证效度分析

驾驶员疲劳是指驾驶员在驾驶过程中,身体机能整体性的下降现象,它是导致交通事故的主要因素之一。因此,选取一种有效可靠的生理指标检测驾驶员的工作疲劳具有重要的实践意义。本研究采用驾驶员动态危险知觉视频量表加载工作负荷,诱发疲劳。使用自我报告法、眼动追踪与心电技术,测查39名驾驶员的疲劳状态。结果显示：采用瞳孔直径指标检测驾驶疲劳具有跨人群的一致性,随着驾驶员自我报告的困倦感增加,其瞳孔直径缩小,心率变异性减小,瞳孔直径与心率变异性呈显著正相关。说明随着工作时间的延长,驾驶员逐渐进入疲劳状态,瞳孔直径可以成为检测驾驶员心理疲劳的有效指标。     

自由的人格--析《西游记》中孙悟空的人格形象之一

明朝中后期,商业文化成为社会生活的突出特点,理学的禁欲主义受到越来越多的批判,社会上涌现出一股争取个性自由,实现人性解放的近代启蒙思潮。《西游记》就是在这么一个时代背景之下产生的。文章主要从孙悟空这一形象入手,阐述了孙悟空享受原始状态的自由．实现自我价值的自由,追求精神人格上的自由,从而反映了作者的自由观,具有鲜明的时代特征。