对大学生中长跑训练指导思想的探讨

结合大学生中长跑训练的实践 ,对训练指导思想进行了分析研究 ,提出适合大学生中长跑课余训练的指导思想——以专项速度耐力训练为核心 ,速度力量训练为重点 ,把身体素质训练和专项训练有机的结合起来 ,旨在拓宽大学生中长跑训练的思路 ,提高训练效果     

引出教师的课程领导智慧

本文在借鉴前人相关成果的基础上提出:教师在课程领导中需要依托教学天职感,扎根滋养自我心灵的外部生命网络,掌握探索内心世界的方法,自主引出作为优秀课程教学之源泉的自我心灵能量。从而在际遇心灵导师启迪的过程中,在探索与自己的独特本性契合的教学方式、用心灵活化课程魅力、引领学生凝聚于课程魅力周围等创造实践中,引出课程领导智慧。     

罗汉果提取液对训练小鼠运动能力及心肌自由基代谢的影响

目的:探讨罗汉果提取液对训练小鼠运动能力及心肌自由基代谢的影响.方法:以昆明种雄性小鼠为研究对象,通过建立灌服罗汉果提取液的小鼠递增游泳训练与力竭游泳实验模型,测定小鼠力竭游泳时间、血清GPT和CK、Hb、全血LD与心肌组织SOD和GSH-Px活性、MDA含量来观察罗汉果的药理作用.结果:服药组小鼠运动能力显著增强;力竭即刻服药组Hb下降幅度及血清GOT和CK、全血LD、心肌MDA升高幅度明显减小;24 h恢复后服药组Hb明显升高,而血清GOT和CK、心肌MDA明显低于恢复对照组;服药安静组GSH-Px活性明显高于安静对照组,服药组力竭即刻与24 h恢复后心肌SOD与GSH-Px活性与相应的对照组比较明显升高.结论:罗汉果提取液能显著提高训练小鼠的运动能力和心肌抗自由基氧化的功能,对大强度运动造成的自由基损伤有明显的保护作用,罗汉果是一种有效的自由基清除剂.     

高中生“阳光长跑”无氧阈心率强度控制干预效果 王

目的通过实验研究建立青少年“阳光长跑”个体适宜强度(无氧阈心率)回归方程,以改变目前全国青少年“阳光长跑”中强度随意的现状。方法以我国X市3所(A、B、C)中学的高中生为样本,按随机抽样原则从中抽取研究对象,分2个阶段进行研究。①从3所中学高中各年级中抽取男、女生共593名,通过实验测试获得基础数据,以文献资料法和专家法筛选出的指标为自变量、无氧阈心率为因变量,建立个体无氧阈心率回归方程。②来自3所中学高二年级的学生(共204名),分别以3种模式[按照无氧阈心率强度(基于所建立的个体无氧阈心率回归方程)监控、不按强度但严格监控、不监控自主式]完成“阳光长跑”,12周后,比较实验前后3所中学高中生最大摄氧量(VO2max)、基础心率指标的变化情况。结果3所中学高中生按不同模式完成长跑后,其基础心率均未出现降低现象(P均大于0.05);A中学男、女生VO2max均出现不同程度增长现象(t=2.804,P<0.01;t=2.831,P<0.01);B中学女生VO2max出现一定程度增长现象(t=2.337,P<0.05),男生则未出现增长现象(t=0.574,P>0.05);C中学男、女生VO2max均未出现增长现象(P均大于0.05)。结论①所建立的高中生个体无氧阈心率回归方程可用于指导该群体在长跑中的适宜强度调节;②通过实证研究提出针对性建议,有助于“阳光长跑”的可持续性开展。     

公平价值观视角下学生体质测试中力量耐力标准的思考

对弱势群体予以补偿是实现公平的重要补充原则,考虑不同性别学生的生理学差异,男生力量、耐力、速度等素质指标采用了更高的评价标准,以补偿女生的相对弱势。但实证调查数据显示,目前男生力量耐力项目的百分制成绩远低于女生,并显著影响到总成绩,继而产生了新的、逆向的性别不公平现象。认为,《国家学生体质健康标准》(以下简称《标准》)中的评价项目或评价标准设置不科学,会破坏教育的公平性原则,损害《标准》的权威性,影响《标准》的贯彻落实。提出,地方教育主管部门在体育考核实践中应通过降低男生引体向上评价标准或增加选测项目来实现不同群体之间的公平,并呼吁在未来修改《标准》时加以借鉴。     

耐力运动对自由基、血清超氧化物歧化酶活性影响的研究

为探讨耐力运动对自由基、超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响,对32名运动员进行了安静、小运动量训练、大运动量训练负荷下血中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD、Mn-SOD、CnZn-SOD)、血乳酸测定.发现小运动量训练后SOD、MDA值与安静状态下相比无显著性差异,而大运动量训练后SOD、MAD与安静值相比有显著性差异(P＜0.01),提示耐力运动与短时大极量运动一样可导致体内MDA含量升高,SOD活性升高.     

杨式太极拳竞赛套路的运动生物力学特征分析

借助先进的测试仪器和运动解析系统，以运动生物力学和相关运动生理学指标测试的方法，获取整体套路动作的时间、位移、速率、肌电、心率及能耗等指标，以此初步探析优秀太极拳选手演练杨式太极拳竞赛套路的运动生物力学特征和生理学特征，结果认为：练习杨式太极拳竞赛套路时身体总重心在x轴方向上的移动距离要明显大于在Y轴方向的移动距离，在Z轴方向上保持了良好的平稳状态，身体总重心的三维合速率平均值为0．18米／秒，上肢各环节间的角度变化较大，下肢各环节间的角度变化具有反向对称性的特征；左右腿的负荷之比接近4：6；心率变化及能量消耗数据显示练习时能耗比较稳定。     

10 weeks of heavy strength training improves performance-related measurements in elite cyclists

ABSTRACT

Elite cyclists have often a limited period of time available during their short preparation phase to focus on development of maximal strength; therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10-week heavy strength training on lean lower-body mass, leg strength, determinants of cycling performance and cycling performance in elite cyclists. Twelve cyclists performed heavy strength training and normal endurance training (E&S) while 8 other cyclists performed normal endurance training only (E). Following the intervention period E&S had a larger increase in maximal isometric half squat, mean power output during a 30-s Wingate sprint (P < 0.05) and a tendency towards larger improvement in power output at 4 mmol ? L^?1 [la^?] than E (P = 0.068). There were no significant difference between E&S and E in changes in 40-min all-out trial (4 ± 6% vs. ?1 ± 6%, respectively, P = 0.13). These beneficial effects may encourage elite cyclists to perform heavy strength training and the short period of only 10 weeks should make it executable even in the compressed training and competition schedule of elite cyclists.     

Effects of a structured midsole on spatio-temporal variables and running economy in overground running

Research to enhance running performance has led to the design of a leaf spring-structured midsole shoe (LEAF). In treadmill running, it has been shown that LEAF led to an increased running economy and increased stride length (SL) through a horizontal foot shift during stance compared to a standard foam shoe (FOAM). The purpose of this study was to analyse whether (a) these findings can also be observed in overground running and (b) relations exist between spatio-temporal variables and running economy. Ten male long-distance heel-strike runners ran at their individual 2?mmol/l blood lactate speed with LEAF and FOAM in randomized order. Kinematic data were recorded with an inertial measurement unit synchronized with 2D video. Oxygen consumption was measured using an automated metabolic gas analysis system. Blood lactate was collected after each run. The strike pattern was unaffected by LEAF. SL was increased by 0.9?±?1.1?cm (95% CI 0.2 to 1.5; p?=?.040; d_z?=?0.76), stride rate (SR) was reduced by ?0.4?±?0.3?strides/min (95% CI ?0.6 to ?0.1; p?=?.029; d_z?=?0.82) and oxygen consumption tended to be reduced by 1% (?0.4?±?0.6?ml/min/kg; 95% CI ?0.8 to 0.0; p?=?.082; d_z?=?0.62) when running with LEAF compared to FOAM. Changes in oxygen consumption in LEAF were correlated with SL (r?=?0.71; p?=?.022) and SR (r?=??0.68; p?=?.031). It can be concluded that LEAF has the potential to cause small changes in spatio-temporal variables during running. Runners increasing SL and decreasing SR in response to LEAF can achieve small improvements in running economy, which is beneficial in terms of performance.