墨子尚同说的专制性特征解析——兼及尚同说对韩非君主专制思想的影响

春秋战国之际，墨子针对国与国之间的战争给社会和人民带来的危害，提出了“兼爱”“非攻”的主张，但是，墨子认识到仅仅靠“兼爱”“非攻”的道德说教是不能奏效的，没有一个得到普遍承认和服从的政治权威，不能建立一种新的稳定的政治秩序，要想实现社会的稳定是不可能的，因此墨子提出了“尚同”说，即“一同天下之义”，以最高统治者的是非为根本标准，按照最高统治者的意思行事，“上之所是，必皆是之；上之所非，必皆非之”，对最高统治者即天子的权威要无条件地服从。墨子的“尚同说”具有明显的专制主义特征。“尚同”学说，从古代中国统一的意义上讲具有积极意义，反映了要求制止战争、以达统一的愿望，但是，其学说自身的矛盾性，使他的“尚同”思想抹上了比较浓重的专制主义色彩，并且对后世产生了深刻的影响。韩非作为法家代表人物，继承了墨子的尚同说，建构了封建专制主义集权思想。     

谈对艰苦创业精神教育的认识

随着经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，全面建设小康社会目标的确定，进一步加强思想道德建设，大力提倡勤俭建国，艰苦奋斗的创业精神的重要性和必要性在当今社会仍然具有重要意义。     

汉字形旁类化研究

形音性质的汉字，在使用状态下，受上下文字形、字义的影响，出现大量的形旁类化字，对汉字系统的变化、汉字与它记录的词语的对应关系、汉字的写词显义功能等方面都产生了较大的影响。形旁类化字与假借字、区别字形式相同，而实质不同。讨论汉字形旁类化问题是汉字发展史研究的一项重要任务。     

温度概念的热力学

热量是由温度来定义的,因而用热冷程度来定义温度就是不科学的.本文以热力学第一定律和第二定律为基础,用可逆热机的运转来建立温度概念.温度是体系的单一决定可逆热机效率的宏观可测性质.此一宏观可测性质的特征由可逆热机运转的三种情形可以明确地揭示出来.     

初中政治“活动课”的灵魂——目标、方式、与时俱进

要上好初中政治“活动课” ,教师必须树立正确灵活的教学理念 ,改变被动的教学方式 ,具备与时俱进的精神 ,为学生创造一个更为宽松有利的学习成长环境。     

学校转型性变革中的评价改革——基于"新基础教育"成型性研究中期评估的探究

"新基础教育"通过成型性研究中期评估的研究和实践,形成了"推进型评价"概念.本文在分析学校转型性变革中推进型评价的性质基础上,介绍了推进型评价指标体系构成的特点与权重分配,同时揭示了"新基础教育"成型性研究中期评估活动过程中的方法论思想,及评估活动对所有参与者产生的评估效应和发展价值.     

动态车辆调度系统的滚动时域调度算法

提出了一类特殊的动态车辆调度问题--动态独占性带时间窗口装卸货问题.给出了问题的数学描述,分析了其静态性质,并把问题简化为不对称带时间窗口旅行商问题.提出了求解该动态问题的滚动时域调度算法,通过时域的不断滚动,不仅可以跟踪问题的动态变化,还由于每次滚动只对部分客户进行处理,可以减少问题的求解时间.并分析了算法的3个要素:当前客户窗口、当前客户窗口的调度和滚动策略.测试结果验证了算法在求解动态车辆调度问题中的有效性.     

From climate change victims to climate change actors: The role of eco-parenting in building mitigation and adaptation capacities in children

Studies have acknowledged children not as climate change victims only, but also as climate change actors. However, only a few have addressed the preparatory stages of children as climate change actors. However, the few studies that addressed these preparatory stages gave attention only to the roles of schools and government agencies without adequate attention to that of parents. This article therefore attempts to discuss the role of eco-parenting in building mitigation and adaptation capacities in children. Relying on the authoritative parenting model, the article avers that eco-parenting can have significant effects on children's ability to protect the environment, mitigate, and adapt to climate change impacts.     

An Informetric Investigation into the Potential for Change in Belgian Art Education at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

The beginning of the twentieth century was a period of pedagogical enthusiasm and renewal in the field of education. Based on a list of articles concerning art education published in Belgian periodicals between 1903 and 1923, the author undertakes an analysis of the title words in order to study how the subject was able to evolve. For this purpose, the pertinent title words are grouped into content categories. It can be seen that these content categories demonstrate specificity compared to other periods. The specificity of the subject at a given moment implies that the transformation of the subject consists of the emergence, the decline or the exchange of categories, which can also be demonstrated. The connections of these variations to historical facts are substantiated. It can therefore be stated that these variations represent the historical evolution of the subject. However, such emergence, decline and exchange of categories is only possible on condition that each category is able to vary independently of the others. This is shown by an autonomy index as well as by an 2‐test. Thus, art education did not drop from the sky as a ready‐to‐teach school subject. Art education is always what the people make of it, which makes reflection on what it could be or has to be so important at any given moment too.     

知识经济时代成人教育发展初探

知识经济时代已经来临,中国的经济体制改革正在向深层次推进,加入WTO后意味着中国将与国际经济接轨,机遇和挑战并存,中国要想在激烈的国际竞争中立于不败之地,必须尽快提高国民素质,大力发展成人教育,探索新型教学方式,培养同知识经济时代相适应的高素质新型人才.