Novikov代数的非奇异模

本文给出两类特征0无穷维单Novikov代数的非奇异模的结构定理。     

"模块心理学"的挑战:反"文化心理观"

流行的“文化心理观”认为,人的心理(Mind)本质上是社会文化塑造的产物。本文试图依据“模块心理观”——它假设人的心理实质上是许多功能上独立的单元(即模块)相互作用的产物——对这一心理学主导观念提出挑战。论文表明,文化的变异性、种族的差异性其实是最不重要的;正是心理的模块性(如语言模块、生物模块、心理理解模块等)使得表面上看起来的文化差异下面存在着普遍性人性。     

浅淡有关温度和内能的几个问题

本文讨论了温度和热量这两个热学中常用的物理量,阐述了两者的关系,并联系热力学第一定律,分析了与之相关的内能、功和热量等概念,对功和热量的异同之处提出若干看法。     

“心灵就是大脑内的计算机”--福多的心灵哲学思想初探

福多的心灵哲学是一种关于心灵本质及其结构、带有“机械论”色彩的哲学,更是一种崭新的人学。他根据物理主义、自然主义重新诠释“民间心理学”,提出了“心灵就是大脑内的计算机”的新论断。文章在考察福多对这一论断的论证的基础上,指出：应谨慎而科学地对待福多的思想,在批判借鉴有关观点和方法的基础上,对我们过去赞成或否定的有关观点作出冷静的反思。     

伯塞活脱气体的内能和摩尔热容量

研究了伯塞活脱气体的内能、定压摩尔热容量与定容摩尔热容量之差，并分析讨论了其结果．     

The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

一般传热规律下不可逆热泵的热经济性能优化

基于一类不可逆热泵的一般循环模型，以每单位时间总成本的泵热率作为热经济学目标函数，研究投资成本、供热成本、其它费用成本和几种主要不可逆性对热泵性能的影响，导出热泵的热经济学目标函数和性能系数间的基本优化关系所满足的方程，由此可计算出最大热经济目标和对应的热泵的性能参数，确定了热泵的最佳工作区域和重要参数的性能界限，讨论了不同导热规律下，热泵的基本优化性能。     

A world-class archival achievement: the People’s Republic of China archivists’ success in opening the Ming-Qing central-government archives, 1949–1998

This article describes the first half century of the Communist government’s supervision and management of the central-government archives of the last two dynasties. Immediately with the Communist ascent to power in 1949, the new government took great interest in assembling and protecting the country’s archival documents, readying the Ming-Qing archives for access to scholars, and preparing for publication of selected materials. By the 1980s Beijing’s Number One Historical Archives, in charge of the largest holding of Ming-Qing documents, had become the first Chinese authority to complete a full sorting and preliminary catalogues for such a collection. Moreover, to facilitate searches, an attempt has recently begun to create a subject-heading system for these and other holdings in the country. In the first half century’s final decades, foreign researchers were admitted for the first time and tours and international exchanges began to take place.

ICPSR meets OAIS: applying the OAIS reference model to the social science archive context

This paper reviews the archival process at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a repository of digital social science data, and maps ICPSR’s Ingest and Access operations to the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. The paper also assesses ICPSR’s conformance with the archival responsibilities of “trusted” OAIS repositories, with the proviso that audit criteria for archival certification are still under development. The ICPSR to OAIS mapping exercise has benefits for the larger social science archiving community because it provides an interpretation of the reference model in the quantitative social science environment and points to preservation-related issues that may be salient for other social science archives. Building on the archives’ long tradition of shared norms and cooperation, we may ultimately be able to design a federated system of trusted social science repositories that provides access to the global heritage.

The long-term preservation of identifiable personal data: a comparative archival perspective on privacy regulatory models in the European Union,Australia, Canada and the United States

This article analyses the extent to which archival exemptions for historical, scientific and statistical research in privacy legislation support preservation in selected European Union countries, and comparable aspects of Australian, American and Canadian law within a legal, ethical and digital archival perspective. The authors recommend that the further processing of personal data under data protection law be given a wider scope of interpretation for archival preservation purposes in both the public and private sector, coupled with the use of researcher and archival codes in relation to access to personal data. They also recommend early appraisal and integration of privacy with freedom of information and archival regimes.