屋顶花园是建筑环保节能的有效途径

屋顶花园的开发利用,可以改善城市阳光产生的辐射热,并加强城市景观与建筑的相互融洽,改善城市环境,保护生态平衡,对屋面产生隔热、保温、减噪作用;但是,屋顶花园在设计和施工中却存在着一些值得探讨和注意的问题.     

气膜厚度对反气泡稳定性的影响

为观察气膜厚度对反气泡稳定性的影响,通过加热反气泡内外溶液来加热气膜内气体从而改变气膜厚度。实验发现:在一定温度范围内,加热反气泡气膜可以延长其稳定时间,但是当加热反气泡气膜使其厚度超过其稳定存在的阈值时,反气泡的稳定性会急剧下降甚至无法产生反气泡;在一定温度范围内温度对溶液表面张力影响很小,这使得文中实验数据合理化。本文为反气泡稳定性的理论研究提供实验支持,并考虑到气膜厚度为微米级,可为微米级气膜传热提供实验素材。     

保藏温度、时间及代次对蛹虫草菌种质量的影响

目的：探索不同保藏温度、时间及菌种代次对蛹虫草菌种质量的影响。方法：以4℃、10℃、20℃等不同保藏温度,以30 d、60 d、90 d、180 d及360 d等不同保藏时间,以F1、F2、F3、F4等不同代次母种,以F0为对照组,对比菌种质量情况。结果：菌种质量由高到低依次为：10℃保藏1个月、4℃保藏1个月、20℃保藏1个月、4℃保藏2个月、4℃保藏3个月、10℃保藏2个月,其他基本无菌种价值;F1〉F2〉F3,F4基本无菌种价值。结论：4℃保藏1～2个月为佳,10℃保藏1个月为佳,菌种传代以3代以内为佳。     

U型流道中的MHD流动、传热及插件结构的力学性能

结合有限体积法和有限元法研究U型流道中磁流体的流动特性、传热性能和流道插件的力学性能,发现外加磁场强度、金属流体进口速度以及流道插件导电性能对流道内速度场、温度场及流道插件应力、应变场的影响规律。计算结果表明：当外加磁场增强,出口段流场的温度也相应升高;较高的进口速度可以提高出口段流体的温度;提高流道插件导电性能,速度场将呈现“M”型分布,但出口段温度场变化极小。流道插件危险区域位于过渡段侧壁附近,该处应力随磁场增强而增大,随进口速度升高而降低,随流道插件电导率增大略有提升,但都小于插件材料的许用应力。本工作可为ITER包层的设计提供有价值的参考。     

Zeeman磁场对有节点非常规超导体节点结构的影响

在大部分非常规超导体中,准粒子激发谱中存在着“线节点”或“点节点”。 这些节点的存在,导致热力学量和输运系数在低温区的温度变化呈现幂次律。解析分析表明,外加的弱Zeeman磁场会显著影响节点的结构。 尤其是,预言在某些情况下Zeeman磁场可能在费米面上诱导出“面节点”。计算若干自旋单态和自旋三重态的电子比热,结果显示外加的弱Zeeman磁场对节点结构的影响会导致幂次律产生巨大变化。     

Short-term reliability of inflammatory mediators and response to exercise in the heat

Prospective application of serum cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and heat shock proteins (eHSPs) requires reliable measurement of these biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. To accomplish this, both short-term (7 day) reliability (at rest, n = 12) and the acute responsiveness of each biomarker to exercise in the heat (pre and post 60-min cycling, 34.5°C and 70% RH, n = 20) were evaluated. Serum was analysed for the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and LPS. Test–retest reliability was determined as the coefficient of variation (CV). Biomarkers with the least short-term within-participant variation were IL-6 (19%, ±20%; CV, ±95% confidence limits (CL)) and LPS (23%, ±13%). Greater variability was observed for IgM, eHSP72 and CRP (CV range 28–38%). IL-6 exhibited the largest increase in response to acute exercise (95%, ±11%, P = < 0.001) and although CRP had a modest CV (12%, ±7%), it increased substantially post-exercise (P = 0.02, ES; 0.78). In contrast, eHSP72 and LPS exhibited trivial changes post-exercise. It appears variation of common inflammatory markers after exercise in the heat is not always discernible from short-term (weekly) variation.     

Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

Short-term heat acclimation prior to a multi-day desert ultra-marathon improves physiological and psychological responses without compromising immune status

Multistage, ultra-endurance events in hot, humid conditions necessitate thermal adaptation, often achieved through short term heat acclimation (STHA), to improve performance by reducing thermoregulatory strain and perceptions of heat stress. This study investigated the physiological, perceptual and immunological responses to STHA prior to the Marathon des Sables. Eight athletes (age 42 ± 4 years and body mass 81.9 ± 15.0 kg) completed 4 days of controlled hyperthermia STHA (60 min·day^?1, 45°C and 30% relative humidity). Pre, during and post sessions, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded. Immunological measures were recorded pre-post sessions 1 and 4. STHA improved thermal comfort (P = 0.02), sensation (P = 0.03) and perceived exertion (P = 0.04). A dissociated relationship between perceptual fatigue and T_re was evident after STHA, with reductions in perceived Physical (P = 0.04) and General (P = 0.04) fatigue. Exercising T_re and HR did not change (P > 0.05) however, sweat rate increased 14% (P = 0.02). No changes were found in white blood cell counts or content (P > 0.05). Four days of STHA facilitates effective perceptual adaptations, without compromising immune status prior to an ultra-endurance race in heat stress. A greater physiological strain is required to confer optimal physiological adaptations.     

试论保守力具势的证明

本文借鉴热力学中一种巧妙的证明方法,用直观的物理论证给出了保守力具势的充分性证明,克服了以往在理论力学课程中只有利用复杂的数学工具才能进行充分性证明,学生难以理解的缺点．     

高中体育与健康课程中的“模块课程”及其评价的实施研究

采用文献资料法和归纳法等．对“模块课程”进行界定,并对体育与健康课程的“模块课程”与“学分认定”进行说明,着重强调“模块课程”评价的实施及其注意事项。