科学探究能力的多元化评价——以美国康涅狄格州的科学探究能力评价为例

在美国康涅狄格州公立高中的统测中,科学探究能力评价作为单项进行,它以学生喜闻乐见的当地资源为探究题材,采用独立与合作探究相结合、自评与他评相结合的多元化方式,有利于激发学生的探究兴趣和潜能,展现学生的真实探究能力.     

Association between psychosocial stressors with emotional and behavioral problems among children of low-income addicted families living in Brazil

BackgroundChildren exposed to substance use in their families are vulnerable to multiple risk factors in their development and at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems. The aims of the study were as follows 1) estimate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among children aged 6–11 years old, living with addicted family members in a low-income urban community of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil; 2) evaluate the children’s exposure to family psychosocial stressors and substance use; and 3) investigate the factors related to the increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems and substance use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 children aged 6–11 years old (M = 9.16 years, SD = 1.61). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Psychosocial Stress Factors (PSF).ResultsHigh prevalence of problems was found for this sample: the CBCL showed 26.7% of clinical scores for Internalizing Problems, 40.6% for Externalizing Problems, and 40.6% for Total Problems. Exposure to family psychosocial stressors was also high, including severe disease (33%), physical aggression (28.9%), death (27.8%), psychiatric hospitalization (16.7%), suicide attempts (15.5%), and suicide (9.3%). Exposure to these family stressors was associated with an increase of two to four times in the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing problems.ConclusionsChildren exposed to substance abusers have more mental health problems than general population, even when compared to peers living in similar low-income areas. This is a group that should be target of a selective preventive intervention.     

Filipino parents’ school choice and loyalty: a factor analysis

This quantitative study aims to ascertain the significant relationship existing between parents’ profile, and their school choice and school loyalty. Data were gathered using the researcher’s two-part made instrument. Respondents were first asked to fill in a robotfoto for purpose of profiling their baseline characteristics and were later asked to rate listed indicators, using a modified 8-point Likert scale. Using statistical tools such as the ANOVA, factor analysis, correlation, mean, and standard deviation, data were treated indepth. It is interesting to note that although parents are loyal to their alma mater, this does not have a much impact on their choice of school for their children. On the whole, parents’ choice of school is based on its indispensable qualities. Among the three interval-scale profiles of the parent respondents such as age, income, tuition fee payment and number of children, none of these relate to school choice, but age, income, and tuition fee payment negatively relate to school loyalty. From their nominal-scale profiles, significant differences were noted in their school choice when grouped according to civil status, place of work, and terms of payment. With respect to school loyalty, significant differences occurred in their responses when classified according to gender, terms of payment and their active participation in the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA).     

某型直升机总桨距操纵杆振动故障研究

振动是直升机飞行中常发生的故障之一,严重影响直升机的飞行安全。某型直升机在试飞过程中,连续出现多架左座总桨距操纵杆振动偏大的故障,给正在开展的试飞工作带来了极大的困难。针对该故障通过测振分析、试验和对比其它同型号直升机,准确判断出导致问题发生的原因,从而采取相应的改进措施并进行试飞验证,最终使得直升机总桨距操纵杆振动水平大大降低,消除了质量安全隐患,确保了该型直升机的操纵可靠性,并为后续类似问题提供了解决思路。     

论学生、教师和家长自由的有限性——彼得斯分析教育哲学的伦理学视角

自由具有正当性,但自由是有限的。在学校教育中,学生、教师和家长的自由也是有限的。其伦理学依据表现为:自由原则不是人类生活的唯一原则,人类社会中的一些制度对自由起着限制的作用,自由会受到实际条件的限制,“恐惧自由”心理的作用,自由原则的应用有特定的范围。就学生而言,义务教育的强迫性表明儿童自由是有限的,学校对教学秩序的需求,控制了的教育环境,学生一些要求的“无理性”,以及教师布置的作业和组织的活动决定了学生自由的有限性;就教师自由而言,教育的目的和任务,中小学学生身心发展不同阶段的特殊性.教育考试制度和教师特殊的社会角色,决定了教师自由的有限性;就家长而言,在儿童的义务教育问题上家长没有选择的自由,在子女就学的学校选择中不少家长的自由会受到限制。因此,我们对教育领域中的学生、教师和家长的自由问题必须有清醒的认识,弄清楚在哪些地方允许自由,在哪些地方则应当对自由作适当的限制,不能将自由的概念用错地方,“在不应当给予自由的地方给予了自由,而在应当给予自由的地方又往往不给予自由”。     

关怀伦理视域下儿童的家庭教育研究

6岁到8岁是儿童思想品德形成与行为习惯养成的关键时期,家庭教育对此阶段的儿童成长发挥着重要作用。随着时代的变迁,家庭教育也出现了一些问题。文章试图从关怀伦理视角探寻解决家庭教育中儿童“爱”的缺失这一深层次问题,通过关怀伦理建立良性亲子关系,以“真”关怀护航儿童健康幸福成长。     

When Parents Want Children to Stay Home for College

Although previous studies show that a majority of parents want their children to go to college and graduate with a 4-year degree, the strategies used to accomplish this goal vary widely. While some parents feel it is important for their children to attend school while living at home (college-at-home parents), others do not (college-anywhere parents). This study investigates the influence of these parental strategy preferences on whether children apply to college during their senior year of high school, as well as whether they apply to multiple colleges. Net of measured ability, socioeconomic factors, and students’ own strategy preferences, students with college-at-home parents are significantly less likely to apply to college than students with college-anywhere parents; and among those who do apply to college, students with college-at-home parents are significantly less likely to apply to multiple colleges.     

新千年美国高校“直升机父母”过度参与行为探析

新千年伊始,经济发展迟缓、失业增加、学费高涨等因素促使美国学生的家长倍加关注子女的教育,并且其关注范围从中小学延伸到了大学。许多家长过度参与子女的大学生活,甚至直接干涉大学的教育管理事务,影响了学校正常的运行秩序,也对子女自我管理能力的养成产生了不利影响。针对这种现象,校方也采取各种方式应对,并收到了一定的效果。     

城市家长对流动儿童入读公办学校的态度研究——基于上海市的调查

采用自编的问卷对家长对流动儿童入读公办学校的态度调查的结果发现：上海家长对流动儿童入读公办学校持中立且稍微偏积极的态度。在大多数测题上有近1／3的家长持消极的态度。而且,这种态度不受调查对象的社会经济地位、祖籍、子女的性别等因素的影响。这一研究结果具有重要的启示意义。     

家长选择和购买儿童玩具的心理因素

采用自编问卷《父母对儿童玩具的态度》对芜湖市罗家闸小学的226位家长进行调查,希望了解家长对儿童玩具的认知以及在选购方面所体现的心理因素,并在调查结果的基础上对家长提出一定的建议。