Child maltreatment among boy and girl probationers: Does type of maltreatment make a difference in offending behavior and psychosocial problems?

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and non-victims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

网络学习社区中学习者的社会行为及其影响的教学论阐释

网络学习社区是与学校教育与课堂教学相区别的另一种教育社会和教学时空,从教学社会学的视角来诠释网络社区中学习者行为的社会性及其对网络教育的影响是非常重要的研究范式。学习者通过最常见的6组基本行为建构着网络学习社区中的知识与情境,这些基本行为既是社区学习者从个体行为演绎成从众活动和学习懈怠等群体行为的基本途径,也是实现学习者之间竞争与合作交互行为、师生之间控制与服从交互行为的基本途径。上述学习者社会行为是网络中教育主体的社会关系与教学活动的主要呈现方式,设计与把握学习者的这些社会行为是网络教育绩效提升的关键,很值得网络教育管理者重视。     

大学生学习投入影响因素的研究——基于学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度

大学生学习投入水平高低是学业成就的重要预测因素。文章通过从学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度分析大学生学习投入的影响因素,给出学习投入影响因素与大学生学习投入之间的关系概念模型,并定量分析了自身因素、人际关系因素、学习环境因素对大学生学习行为投入、情感投入、认知投入维度的主要影响及其影响程度。     

Understanding Cultural Differences in the Antecedents of Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Comparative Analysis of Business Students in the United States and Chile

We surveyed business students in the U. S. (n = 256) and Chile (n = 310). The survey included measures drawn from studies of pro-environmental behavior using Schwartz's norm activation theory (Schwartz, 1977 Schwartz, S. H. 1977. “Normative influences on altruism”. In Advances in experimental social psychology, Edited by: Berkowitz, L. Vol. 10, 221–279. New York: Academic Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980 Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. 1980. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.  [Google Scholar]), and a values-beliefs-norms model created by Stern, Dietz, Abel, Guagnano, and Kalof (1999) Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A. and Kalof, L. 1999. A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human Ecology Review, 6(2): 81–97.  [Google Scholar]. Our results show Chilean business students are more altruistic than business students in the United States and Chilean students felt stronger pressures from their peers to engage in pro-environmental behaviors. Chilean business students also expressed higher levels of awareness of environmental problems, a greater sense of obligation to protect the environment, a stronger willingness to limit property rights, and stronger intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior.     

教练领导行为与大学生运动员自主需要、内在动机关系模型构建

目的：以自我决定理论为基础，探讨教练领导行为与大学生运动员的自主需要（包括能力感知、自主性和关系感）、内在动机之间的关系。方法和内容：运用3个量表测量282名大学生运动员，利用SPSS13．0、LISREL8．53对样本数据进行统计分析，并建立结构方程模型，考察教练领导行为通过能力、自主性和关系感等自主需要间接影响运动员内在动机的路径。结论：能力感知、自主性和关系感对体育内在动机有显著影响；4种教练领导行为能通过能力感知、自主性和关系感等中介变量，间接预测大学生运动员内在动机。     

论决策行为的三种分析范式

对决策行为学的三种分析范式的形成及价值进行了梳理和评价,认为决策行为的各种范式之间不是函盖关系,更不是替代关系,但它们之间存在着相互借鉴、发展融合的要求。从有利于本学科的研究和发展出发,比较不同范式的特点,推进不同范式之间的有效对话至关重要。     

关于中美文化差异的调查与思考

不同文化背景的人们在进行交流中，相互间的理解或误解除了言语本身的因素外。由于对各自文化的认同也是问题所在。中美文化差异表现在许多方面，本文从对中国和美国公民的125份调查问卷进行分析，试图探讨两国间的宗教信仰差异，身体接触意识差异，社会行为表现差异。     

基于解释结构模型的体育消费行为影响因素研究

我国体育消费需求不高,总体消费水平偏低,体育消费能量没有得到充分释放,所以研究体育消费行为显得尤为重要。采用文献资料法和解释结构模型方法,分析了我国体育消费行为影响因素。研究表明：体育消费行为影响因素可分为六个层级,它们相互关联;体育消费途径和体育产品价格是影响体育消费行为的直接原因,而国家与地区经济发展和社会文化环境是影响体育消费行为的根本原因。     

“物债二分”是生活的逻辑

在大陆法系民法中,物权和债权是传统财产权的重要支柱,二者的关系是当下民法学者关注的重点。在现存的民法理论中,物权行为理论科学性阐释了二者之间的关系。该理论以物权和债权的区分为基础,以处分行为和负担行为的区分为核心,以物权行为的独立性和无因性为内容,正确地剖析了交易的法律本质。我国很多学者认为我国不存在物权行为理论,但是在《合同法》、《物权法》中又存在着物权行为理论的内容。因此,物权行为理论作为财产法理论构建的规律,其内在的科学性规定了民法必须接受。"物债二分"是生活的逻辑。     

Adverse experiences in infancy and toddlerhood: Relations to adaptive behavior and academic status in middle childhood

Findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study articulated the negative effects of childhood trauma on long-term well-being. The purpose of the current study is to examine the associations between ACEs experienced in infancy and toddlerhood and adaptive behavior and academic status in middle childhood. We used data collected from a sample of low-income families during the impacts study of Early Head Start (EHS). Data were collected by trained interviewers demonstrating at least 85% reliability with protocols. Data come from 1469 socio-demographically diverse mothers and children collected at or near ages 1, 2, 3, and 11. At ages 1, 2, and 3, an EHS-ACEs index was created based on interview and observation items. The EHS-ACEs indices were averaged to represent exposure across infancy and toddlerhood. At age 11, parents were asked about school outcomes and completed the Child Behavior Checklist. Across development, children were exposed to zero (19%), one (31%), two (27%), and three or more ACEs (23%). Logistic regression analyses, controlling for EHS program assignment, and parent, school, and child characteristics, showed ACEs were significantly associated with parental report of the child: having an individualized educational program since starting school and in the current school year, having been retained a grade in school, and problems with externalizing and internalizing behavior, as well as attention. Findings suggest that ACEs influence children’s behavioral and academic outcomes early in development.