体育强国建设下幼儿家庭体育的现象学研究

2019年是中国体育划时代的一年,以《体育强国建设纲要》的颁布为起点开启了体育事业的全新征程。幼儿家庭体育是学前教育的薄弱环节,父母的体育引导是家庭体育的重中之重。采用现象学方法,以幼儿父母访谈为抓手诠释幼儿家庭体育现象。结果认为:父母观念下幼儿家庭体育的掣肘包括主观因素的理念束缚、安全焦虑、指导孱弱、精力局限,客观因素的经济无力、规划无序、保障无依。针对存在障碍提出化解路径:通过革新理念调解传统意识的偏颇,通过制定指南消解育教于体的困惑,通过家园共育缓解精力、经济的压力,通过社会支持纾解供需之间的失衡。     

生成性教学的实践策略

解释学框架下教学是多极循环互动的过程,本质属性是生成性。因此,生成性教学的本质是在多极互动中转变经验而不是传递经验。其策略为:有效提问,促进师生互动;追问原因:让"理由"看得见,促进学生的前结构与学习内容的互动;认知学徒:让老师的思维"看"得见,促进教师理解与讲授的互动;让学生相互的教:促进学生之间的有效互动;"程序化"自我提问清单:让学生自己促进自己的前结构与内容的互动。     

论学校的任务——基于现象学的视角

学校是特殊的制度化场所,它具有与教和学相关的、特殊的行动逻辑。学校的任务不仅在于社会功能的再生产以及社会化,也不仅在于将社会问题转化到教育领域。相反,在与其他社会领域和实践的积极关系之中,学校中教育行动的自身逻辑本身就具有生产性。首先,在制度论的视角下,黑格尔将学校界定为独立制度化的、人为组织的教育实践发生的场所。在学校中存在一种与其他社会领域、机构和实践相区别的特殊的教育行动逻辑。其次,在教育理论和教化理论的视角下,马丁努斯·朗格威尔(Martinus Langeveld)将学校教育实践描述为人为的、富有技巧的教学行动,在其中教育行动发生以前以及教育领域以外的问题被转化到一种时间、空间和社会的教育语境中。第三,欧根·芬克(Eugen Fink)基于社会理论的视角,将学校实践界定为,在富有权力的、冲突性的、多元主义的(后)民主条件下的相互咨询和探究。     

身体的意义:从现象学的视角看体育运动的认识论价值

传统身心二元论扬心抑身,包括体育运动在内的身体运动从性质上被视为没有任何认识论价值。现象学的“返回事物本身”促使人们重新关注身体运动中那种第一人称的、原初的身体体验,而这种身体体验恰恰构成了心智与认知的最基本素材。具身认知主张,认知是一种具身的行动,身体的感觉运动模式塑造了人们的思维风格。以这种观点看待体育运动,则作为一种特殊身体活动方式的体育运动必然影响人们认识世界的方式,因而具有重要的认识论意义。     

基于阐释翻译理论的翻译实践方法研究

对阐释翻译理论概念起源和发展历程进行了深入研究。结合翻译的实际操作过程从阐释学的四个基本步骤：信任、入侵、吸收和补偿。分别进行了详细的解释和论述,深入研究了给予阐释学理论在翻译实践的具体操作过程。之后重点从翻译过程中文化背景的转换、表达方式的转换、意境的重构等方面给出了阐释学的翻译应用实践方法。     

‘You do it in your own particular way.’ Physical education,gender and (dis)ability

The aim of this article was to explore, from a gender perspective, how young sporting women with physical impairments experience physical education (PE), and which strategies they use to manage situations that arise in the everyday interaction in connection with those lessons. Phenomenology provides a theoretical framework that includes the body. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with the women, aged 15–28. In addition, semi-structured interviews were held with three boys, aged between 10 and 15, and with one male coach. Those latter interviews are used in the article as material for comparison. The young women had a strong aspiration to appear normal. However, in relation to PE, the participants highlighted issues dealing with experiences of exclusion and special treatment. It appeared to be difficult for teachers to see these women as the sports-interested youths that they were. The young women used different strategies of resistance. Some of them did not participate in certain aspects of PE, or chose to quit the whole course. To receive a higher grade, another participant showed the teacher her medals from the Swedish national swimming championship, thus stressing her competence. When the women finally described the stigmatization that they had been subjected to, they avoided positioning themselves as victims, by downplaying the seriousness of a discriminatory situation or by using in the interview the word ‘we’ instead of ‘I’, thus describing the incident in collective terms. Previous research supports the suggestion that the students’ opportunities to show their capacities and strength during PE are dependent on the students’ gender. While one of the boys and a male coach gave examples of experiences of more inclusive PE, with a potential to challenge the able-bodied norm within the subject, the gender norm remained unquestioned.     

Exploring the Meaning and Paths of Advocacy for Undocumented Students’ Access to Education

There is widespread national debate over how to address and advocate for undocumented immigrants in the United States. Education is key to the economic, occupational, and social mobility of young unauthorized immigrants, but policies and practices can hinder or open their access to education. Educators pursue a range of activities to support undocumented students in school. This article identifies the conceptualizations, strategies, and thought processes of educators who advocate for undocumented students. The results reveal that advocates’ backgrounds, resources, goals, identity, and the communities in which they advocate influence their perceptions and practices of advocacy.