主体与历史--解读海登·怀特《作为文学虚构的历史本文》

在 2 0世纪西方文学理论与批评中 ,美国新历史主义批评家们将历史批评置于后现代氛围中进行了全新的阐释。海登·怀特在《作为文学虚构的历史本文》中辩证地论述了历史本文实为一种主体叙述 ,而且是一种在特定历史语境中的文学虚构 ,同时 ,主体叙述与历史本文、历史语境与文学虚构之间存在着“解释的循环     

‘Understanding things from within’. A Husserlian phenomenological approach to doing educational research and inquiring about learning

This article describes a phenomenological approach to doing educational inquiry and understanding learning. Working within the qualitative tradition, the research is conceived as ‘narrow and deep’, intimate research that focuses definitively on internality and on first-hand experiences of learning. The theoretical background for doing phenomenological research is explained, especially in regard to the ideas of Edmund Husserl. Then, the author’s own systematic process for doing phenomenological research in education and exploring learning is offered with examples from his doctoral research project in which he investigated doctoral students and their experience of negotiating their learning. Samples from the author’s writing in regard to one research participant are used to illustrate the research process explicated in the article.     

Kant and information ethics

We begin with our reasons for seeking to bring Kant to bear on contemporary information and computing ethics (ICE). We highlight what each contributor to this special issue draws from Kant and then applies to contemporary matters in ICE. We conclude with a summary of what these chapters individually and collectively tell us about Kant’s continuing relevance to these contemporary matters – specifically, with regard to the issues of building trust online and regulating the Internet; how far discourse contributing to deliberative democracy online may include storytelling and appeals to the emotions; and whether or not search engine algorithms should be made public. We further highlight how certain chapters – especially as they incorporate more recent philosophical traditions such as phenomenology and cognitive psychology – develop a Kantian approach (or at least one that is both inspired by while simultaneously transforming Kant) to ethical issues in ICE, including the ethical implications of the on-going blurring of the border between the real and the virtual; designing software in light of distributed ethical responsibility; and trust-building in e-Science collaborations.     

论教育实践的品性

教育实践是教育的日常生活形式,是实践活动者经历的内心体验。“回到教育实践本身”是现象学研究教育实践的方法论原则,它不仅可以恢复教育实践本应有的复杂性、丰富性和生命性,而且可以明见教育实践的本质,体悟教育的实践性知识。藉以现象学直观,卓越的教育实践呈现出情境性、智慧性和反思性的品质。然而,附庸化、技术化和功利化的教育实践不仅遮蔽了教育实践的艺术品性,而且丢失了教育实践的人文意蕴,使教育实践走上了“祛魅”的历程。现象学教育学呼唤教育实践之人文精神的重新发现与回归。     

现象学视域中的大学创新教育

创新是时代发展的重要动力,高等学校是培养创新人才的摇篮。而教学活动又是创新人才核心环节。现象学精神对于我们在教学活动中培养学生的创新意识具有重要的启示。现象学"面向事物本身"的精神启示我们知识的讲授过程比追求知识本身更利于学生创新意识的养成;现象学的注重"纯粹意识"而非"意识的对象物"思想对于培养学生的思维方法具有重要价值;现象学的怀疑精神更是学生创新的前提与基础。此外,身体现象学对意识现象学的拓进对于学生在实践活动中创新精神的形成也至为关键。     

现象学伦理学的基础:意向性感受

胡塞尔在《逻辑研究》中对"意向感受"和"非意向感受"的思考,无论是在他后来的伦理学探讨中还是在舍勒的伦理学思想中都具有重要的意义。通过将胡塞尔与舍勒的视域融合,可以发现,意向感受行为现象学不仅是舍勒现象学的质料的价值伦理学基础,而且至少可以是胡塞尔第一个方向上的伦理学的建构基础。     

技术中介理论：一种现象学的技术伦理学思路

技术不仅仅是一种功能性工具,更是调节人与世界之间关系的中介,它在使用过程中影响着用户的知觉和行为,进而影响人们的伦理行为决策。因此,需要对技术中介与伦理行为之间的关系作出把握,通过中介分析和设计,将道德物质化人工物的设计之中,以促进技术社会的民主化进程。源于现象学的技术中介理论引入技术伦理学领域,有助于丰富对技术自身特性的认识,有助于建立适应当代社会发展的＂高技术伦理学＂。     

Language (in)competency,communication strategies,and the development of an international academic teacher identity: becoming an audible minority

Despite universities’ enthusiasm for internationalization, international academic mobility requires considerable institutional and cultural adjustment in terms of teaching and supervision styles, research expectations, and departmental relationships. Although language competency underpins these practices, research on international academics has neglected the impact of language proficiency on professional identity. This article uses autoethnography to document conversations about language ability during my first two years as an academic in a French-language university. My responses to language-related comments evolved over time, reflecting how I positioned myself as a linguistic – or audible – minority, vis-à-vis the linguistic majority. Using cultural phenomenology, the findings highlight the interactional, unstable nature of international academic identities and the importance of positive collective support for international academics who shift from majority to minority linguistic status.     

认识何以可能——现象学教育学研究的思索

在认识何以可能问题的回答上,可以获得现象学与教育学结合的契合点。现象学解决这一问题的独特方式,提供了现象学与教育学结合的启示。在这里,现象学与教育学有着不同的面向,却遵循着同一个明见性的要求——直接的直观。打开括号里的知识,使它们引起学生直接、原初觉察的意识状态的获得,让人类文明向学生意识敞开,是现象学教育学可以探讨的选择。现象学教育学由此展开教育发生的维度,使学校、课堂、教与学的一切回到教育本身,还原其引起教育发生的真实形态。