后发国家产业技术追赶模式研究

技术是促进经济发展的关键因素,后发国家经济追赶战略的实现也应以技术追赶为基础.在回顾已有技术追赶理论研究的基础上,重点研究后发国家产业技术追赶的模式,将后发国家的产业技术追赶划分为同轨道跟随型、同轨道差异型、异轨道崛起型及后轨道创造型四种模式,深入分析了这四种模式的特征.     

日本动画产业的发展模式及其对我国的政策启示

近年来,我国为发展动画产业投入了巨大的政策和其他资源。日本是世界上动画产业最成功的国家,其产业发展模式值得我国学习和借鉴。本文在集中讨论日本动画产业发展模式的基础上,总结了其对我国若干政策启示。     

基于聚类的词表等级关系自动识别研究

词汇等级关系的识别是自动构建叙词表的重点和难点之一.基于相似度的词聚类方法,突破了按字面聚集等级关系词汇的传统做法的局限性,能够深入语义,识别出字面上无此特点的等级关系词汇.介绍了该方法并进行测试,试验结果表明该方法具有一定可行性.     

The promise of digital technologies for sustainable entrepreneurship: A systematic literature review and research agenda

Research on sustainable entrepreneurship increasingly recognizes the transformative potential of digital technologies to mitigate and counteract grand environmental and social challenges through entrepreneurial action. However, this emerging field of research, referred to as digital sustainable entrepreneurship, is currently dispersed and fragmented and lacks the consolidated foundation to progress further. This article further establishes this nascent stream by conducting a systematic literature review offering two main contributions. First, common themes are derived from the literature (i.e., enabling value for society and environment, stakeholder inclusion, venture viability, and entrepreneurial individuals) to unravel the field's current state. Second, previous work is discussed and integrated by applying a business model perspective. Specifically, the article offers a framework that contributes to the role of business models for merging sustainability and digital technologies, reconceptualizes digital technologies as business model actors, and further develops the entrepreneur-business model nexus. Based on this, we present a comprehensive and actionable research agenda and practical implications.     

Towards understanding and mitigating unintended biases in language model-driven conversational recommendation

Conversational Recommendation Systems (CRSs) have recently started to leverage pretrained language models (LM) such as BERT for their ability to semantically interpret a wide range of preference statement variations. However, pretrained LMs are prone to intrinsic biases in their training data, which may be exacerbated by biases embedded in domain-specific language data (e.g., user reviews) used to fine-tune LMs for CRSs. We study a simple LM-driven recommendation backbone (termed LMRec) of a CRS to investigate how unintended bias — i.e., bias due to language variations such as name references or indirect indicators of sexual orientation or location that should not affect recommendations — manifests in substantially shifted price and category distributions of restaurant recommendations. For example, offhand mention of names associated with the black community substantially lowers the price distribution of recommended restaurants, while offhand mentions of common male-associated names lead to an increase in recommended alcohol-serving establishments. While these results raise red flags regarding a range of previously undocumented unintended biases that can occur in LM-driven CRSs, there is fortunately a silver lining: we show that train side masking and test side neutralization of non-preferential entities nullifies the observed biases without significantly impacting recommendation performance.     

Is emigration worth the trouble? Satisfaction with life,group identifications,perceived discrimination,and socio-economic status of immigrants and stayers

In the present study, we examined satisfaction with life (SWL), group identifications, perceived discrimination, and socio-economic status among immigrants and stayers. The study had two main objectives: 1) to test the morbidity and salutary hypotheses of immigration by comparing the psycho-social characteristics of immigrants and stayers; 2) to test a resource model of well-being among immigrants and stayers by investigating the effect of different resources and stressors on SWL. The study was conducted using a random representative sample of first-generation immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel (n = 400) and a not-random large and geographically dispersed sample of Jews staying in Russia (n = 935). The comparison of immigrants and stayers revealed that immigration is a mixed blessing, salutary in some aspects and onerous in others. In general, immigrants were more satisfied with their life than stayers. In addition, identification with the country of residence was stronger among immigrants than stayers. However, immigrants reported a higher level of perceived discrimination, and their socio-economic status was lower than that of stayers. Socio-economic status, identification with the country of residence, and perceived discrimination were directly connected to SWL among immigrants and stayers. In addition, among stayers, identification with the ethnic minority group was connected to SWL, while among immigrants, identification with the country of origin was not connected to SWL. Socio-economic status and perceived discrimination also affected SWL indirectly, through their connections to identification with the country of residence among immigrants and stayers and through their connection to ethnic identification among stayers.     

How Can We Show You,If You Can't See It? Trialing the Use of an Interactive Three-Dimensional Micro-CT Model in Medical Education

Teaching internal structures obscured from direct view is a major challenge of anatomy education. High-fidelity interactive three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (CT) models with virtual dissection present a possible solution. However, their utility for teaching complex internal structures of the human body is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a realistic 3D micro-CT interactive visualization computer model to teach paranasal sinus anatomy in a laboratory setting during pre-clinical medical training. Year 1 (n = 79) and Year 2 (n = 59) medical students undertook self-directed activities focused on paranasal sinus anatomy in one of two laboratories (traditional laboratory and 3D model). All participants completed pre and posttests before and after the laboratory session. Results of regression analyses predicting post-laboratory knowledge indicate that, when students were inexperienced with the 3D computer technology, use of the model was detrimental to learning for students with greater prior knowledge of the relevant anatomy (P < 0.05). For participants experienced with the 3D computer technology, however, the use of the model was detrimental for students with less prior knowledge of the relevant anatomy (P < 0.001). These results emphasize that several factors need to be considered in the design and effective implementation of such models in the classroom. Under the right conditions, the 3D model is equal to traditional laboratory resources when used as a learning tool. This paper discusses the importance of preparatory training for students and the technical consideration necessary to successfully integrate such models into medical anatomical curricula.     

绿色防控技术采纳及其对新疆棉农福利的影响

【目的】病虫害绿色防控技术的发展、推广及应用是改善生态环境、提高棉花种植户（简称棉农）劳作效率、促进棉花提质增产与实现棉花产业可持续发展的重要技术手段。【方法】基于新疆684位棉农的调查数据,利用内生转换模型与分位数回归模型,探讨绿色防控技术采纳对新疆棉农的增收效应,及其在区域和收入水平方面的异质性。【结果】结果表明：①新疆绿色防控技术的采纳率普遍不高,近40%的棉农仍未采纳,南疆采纳率比北疆高出近5%;②获取途径感知、他人意愿感知、成本感知、技术培训感知与邻里效应均显著正向影响棉农绿色防控技术采纳行为,棉花种植规模显著负向影响棉农绿色防控技术采纳行为;③采纳组棉农年龄、兼业程度与文化水平可以显著正向影响其家庭收入,棉花种植规模、技术认知与邻里效应显著负向影响棉农家庭收入;④处理效应表明,未采纳绿色防控技术的棉农若采纳了该技术,其家庭收入将显著提高9.1%;若已采纳绿色防控技术的棉农放弃采纳该技术,其家庭收入将显著降低25.4%;且绿色防控技术的福利效应存在群组差异,南疆棉农采纳绿色防控技术所带来的增收效果明显高于北疆,高出15.49%;采纳绿色防控技术对高收入水平棉农家庭收入的增收效果更强,对中收入水平棉农家庭收入的增收效果最弱。【结论】根据研究结论本文提出,政府应分类施策,针对不同类型棉农制定绿色防控技术匹配方案,促进棉农持续使用绿色防控技术,加快构建绿色防控技术推广机制。     

表层嵌贴FRP加固RC梁新技术

最近几年来,国外对表层嵌贴FRP复合材料加固混凝土结构这一新技术进行了一系列的试验和理论研究。本文简要论述这一新技术的研究进展,着重论述钢筋混凝土梁加固后的破坏形式和承载力计算方法。供实际工程应用参考。