Is emigration worth the trouble? Satisfaction with life,group identifications,perceived discrimination,and socio-economic status of immigrants and stayers

In the present study, we examined satisfaction with life (SWL), group identifications, perceived discrimination, and socio-economic status among immigrants and stayers. The study had two main objectives: 1) to test the morbidity and salutary hypotheses of immigration by comparing the psycho-social characteristics of immigrants and stayers; 2) to test a resource model of well-being among immigrants and stayers by investigating the effect of different resources and stressors on SWL. The study was conducted using a random representative sample of first-generation immigrants from the Former Soviet Union to Israel (n = 400) and a not-random large and geographically dispersed sample of Jews staying in Russia (n = 935). The comparison of immigrants and stayers revealed that immigration is a mixed blessing, salutary in some aspects and onerous in others. In general, immigrants were more satisfied with their life than stayers. In addition, identification with the country of residence was stronger among immigrants than stayers. However, immigrants reported a higher level of perceived discrimination, and their socio-economic status was lower than that of stayers. Socio-economic status, identification with the country of residence, and perceived discrimination were directly connected to SWL among immigrants and stayers. In addition, among stayers, identification with the ethnic minority group was connected to SWL, while among immigrants, identification with the country of origin was not connected to SWL. Socio-economic status and perceived discrimination also affected SWL indirectly, through their connections to identification with the country of residence among immigrants and stayers and through their connection to ethnic identification among stayers.     

How Can We Show You,If You Can't See It? Trialing the Use of an Interactive Three-Dimensional Micro-CT Model in Medical Education

Teaching internal structures obscured from direct view is a major challenge of anatomy education. High-fidelity interactive three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (CT) models with virtual dissection present a possible solution. However, their utility for teaching complex internal structures of the human body is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a realistic 3D micro-CT interactive visualization computer model to teach paranasal sinus anatomy in a laboratory setting during pre-clinical medical training. Year 1 (n = 79) and Year 2 (n = 59) medical students undertook self-directed activities focused on paranasal sinus anatomy in one of two laboratories (traditional laboratory and 3D model). All participants completed pre and posttests before and after the laboratory session. Results of regression analyses predicting post-laboratory knowledge indicate that, when students were inexperienced with the 3D computer technology, use of the model was detrimental to learning for students with greater prior knowledge of the relevant anatomy (P < 0.05). For participants experienced with the 3D computer technology, however, the use of the model was detrimental for students with less prior knowledge of the relevant anatomy (P < 0.001). These results emphasize that several factors need to be considered in the design and effective implementation of such models in the classroom. Under the right conditions, the 3D model is equal to traditional laboratory resources when used as a learning tool. This paper discusses the importance of preparatory training for students and the technical consideration necessary to successfully integrate such models into medical anatomical curricula.     

绿色防控技术采纳及其对新疆棉农福利的影响

【目的】病虫害绿色防控技术的发展、推广及应用是改善生态环境、提高棉花种植户（简称棉农）劳作效率、促进棉花提质增产与实现棉花产业可持续发展的重要技术手段。【方法】基于新疆684位棉农的调查数据,利用内生转换模型与分位数回归模型,探讨绿色防控技术采纳对新疆棉农的增收效应,及其在区域和收入水平方面的异质性。【结果】结果表明：①新疆绿色防控技术的采纳率普遍不高,近40%的棉农仍未采纳,南疆采纳率比北疆高出近5%;②获取途径感知、他人意愿感知、成本感知、技术培训感知与邻里效应均显著正向影响棉农绿色防控技术采纳行为,棉花种植规模显著负向影响棉农绿色防控技术采纳行为;③采纳组棉农年龄、兼业程度与文化水平可以显著正向影响其家庭收入,棉花种植规模、技术认知与邻里效应显著负向影响棉农家庭收入;④处理效应表明,未采纳绿色防控技术的棉农若采纳了该技术,其家庭收入将显著提高9.1%;若已采纳绿色防控技术的棉农放弃采纳该技术,其家庭收入将显著降低25.4%;且绿色防控技术的福利效应存在群组差异,南疆棉农采纳绿色防控技术所带来的增收效果明显高于北疆,高出15.49%;采纳绿色防控技术对高收入水平棉农家庭收入的增收效果更强,对中收入水平棉农家庭收入的增收效果最弱。【结论】根据研究结论本文提出,政府应分类施策,针对不同类型棉农制定绿色防控技术匹配方案,促进棉农持续使用绿色防控技术,加快构建绿色防控技术推广机制。     

表层嵌贴FRP加固RC梁新技术

最近几年来,国外对表层嵌贴FRP复合材料加固混凝土结构这一新技术进行了一系列的试验和理论研究。本文简要论述这一新技术的研究进展,着重论述钢筋混凝土梁加固后的破坏形式和承载力计算方法。供实际工程应用参考。     

方法与模型：引领教育评估的变革

大数据时代,依赖经验,依赖粗放方式、单一手段、定性思维进行学习行为判断和教学决策,这种沿袭自远古的教育评价范式必须改变。基于数据的教育评估,是教育评估最前沿的课题。重庆市教育评估院自2009年成立以来,一直致力于教育数据分析研究,研发教育质量监测工具,建构了分析系统,形成一套较完整的教育数据采集、处理模型或方法,挖掘了多元多层数据,促进了教育评估的改革。     

教师绩效计量的二次量化模型

本文利用强制正态化技术,将绩效评价在一级指标上的原始得分转化为等距量表分数,建立了绩效计量的二次量化模型,解决了绩效原始得分加权求和法计量绩效存在的科学性问题。结合实际案例分析了该模型有效性及局限性形成的内部机制,并提出了在实践中结合具体需要合理使用该模型的建议。     

Beyond Rock and Roll: The Economic Impact of the Grateful Dead on a Local Economy

For-profit popular music concerts, a seldom studied event, may create sizeable economic impacts in a local economy. Using information from a survey of more than 1,000 concert goers to a Grateful Dead performance in Las Vegas and RIMS II multipliers, we estimate income and employment impacts. We conclude that the potential large spill-overs effects of such an event should not be ignored. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Examining the Error of Mis-Specifying Nonlinear Confounding Effect With Application on Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity

Purpose: Some confounders are nonlinearly associated with dependent variables, but they are often adjusted using a linear term. The purpose of this study was to examine the error of mis-specifying the nonlinear confounding effect. Methods: We carried out a simulation study to investigate the effect of adjusting for a nonlinear confounder in the estimation of a causal relationship between the exposure and outcome in 3 ways: using a linear term, binning into 5 equal-size categories, or using a restricted cubic spline of the confounder. Continuous, binary, and survival outcomes were simulated. We examined the confounder across varying measurement error. In addition, we performed a real data analysis examining the 3 strategies to handle the nonlinear effects of accelerometer-measured physical activity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 data. Results: The mis-specification of a nonlinear confounder had little impact on causal effect estimation for continuous outcomes. For binary and survival outcomes, this mis-specification introduced bias, which could be eliminated using spline adjustment only when there is small measurement error of the confounder. Real data analysis showed that the associations between high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes and mortality adjusted for physical activity with restricted cubic spline were about 3% to 11% larger than their counterparts adjusted with a linear term. Conclusion: For continuous outcomes, confounders with nonlinear effects can be adjusting with a linear term. Spline adjustment should be used for binary and survival outcomes on confounders with small measurement error.     

我国工业企业技术效率的比较分析——应用随机前沿生产函数进行的比较

采用随机前沿生产函数对不同所有制企业的技术效率水平进行了比较评价。通过Frontier Version4．1软件,将企业间技术效率的差异用可比的方式表示,并用技术效率的指标作为被解释变量,企业的所有制、企业的特质指标作为解释变量估计模型的各个参数,进一步找出技术效率差异产生的原因,提出了提高企业技术效率水平的建议。     

基于高斯层级损失的开放场景物体检测

计算机视觉中的物体检测包括2个目标——对物体的定位和识别.由于现有大多数的物体检测方法都是类别依赖的,因此无法应对开放场景中新类别的检测.注意到检测中定位和识别2个目标从已知类向未知类迁移的难度不同,定位具有更好的普适性,同时受人类在认知未知物体过程中层次关系的启发,提出一种高斯层级损失模型,在物体检测中采用物体类别层...