论转型期中国法治伦理及其完善

在我国从传统的社会形态向现代化的社会形态迈进的过程中,法治伦理面临着在"应然"与"实然"之间悬置的尴尬。法律领域内应然状态下的权利义务对等和利益负担一致,与事实层面上的权利义务不对等和利益负担不一致,成为法治建设中必须解决的问题。要实现对我国法治伦理的完善,应当在法治伦理化和伦理法治化进程中,坚持正义原则的要求,走一条以程序正义为基点和出发点的法治伦理之路。     

Improving the reading skills of young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in preparation for adulthood

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive genetic condition that affects both muscle and brain. Children with DMD are at risk of psycho‐social difficulties such as poor academic achievement and behavioural and socio‐emotional problems. This article by Janet Hoskin and Angela Fawcett, both from the University of Swansea, describes how 34 participants with DMD took part in a 36‐week online literacy intervention which was delivered in partnership between home and school. The key objective was to improve reading skill. Participants were re‐tested at 36 weeks for single word and text level reading, comprehension, fluency, processing and timed single word reading. Pre and post results indicated that children who followed the intervention for 36 weeks made significant improvement in their single word reading (p = <0.0001), timed single word reading (p = <0.0001) and text level reading (p = <0.004). They also made significant improvement in their fluency and comprehension scores. The results showed that children with DMD and related literacy difficulties benefit from a regular, structured and systematic synthetic phonics programme. With young people with DMD increasingly living into adulthood, early literacy intervention is particularly important to ensure optimum career and training opportunities.     

上海市高危性体育运动项目管理制度的建立完善

主要采用文献资料法、访谈法,在对高危性体育运动项目的定义、特点、国内外发展概况阐述的基础上,分析了高危性体育运动项目管理制度完善的必要性和可行性,并就我国以及上海高危性体育运动项目管理制度的现状,提出对策建议。     

儿童游泳的分层次教学

近年来,儿童游泳越来越受到社会各界的重视.但其教学质量的参差不齐,使家长们望而却步.笔者通过10年的暑假儿童游泳教学总结出儿童游泳分层次游泳教学法,此教学法使儿童在较短的时间内(10～12天),掌握一种游泳姿势,95%的学生能游50m以上,分层次教学法具有高效性和安全性的优点,是一个行之有效的教学方法.     

中国“全球高被引科学家”分布和成长规律分析及启示

以科睿唯安公司2014-2020年发布的“全球高被引科学家”榜单为基础,分析、比较其人员的结构特征和趋势变化,对其中入选的工作地在中国内地的“高被引科学家”基本情况和成长规律进行分析。本文总结中国内地“全球高被引科学家”学科分布及成长规律特点包括中国“全球高被引科学家”数量和占比具有显著增长性;1/3学科领域具有全球引领性;地域分布具有高度集中性;海外经历具有阶段普遍性;职称破格具有一致认可性。提出中国实现战略科技领域精准引才用才育才的政策建议,包括制定精准引才专项计划,绘制全球高被引科学家地图;制定精准用才专项方案,提升高层次人才使用效能;避免ESI学科领域“木桶效应”现象,实现战略科技人才前瞻培养等。     

高被引科学家论文产出力的计量分析*

对21个领域高被引科学家的论文产出力进行了定量研究和分析。分别对高被引科学家论文数量的排序-频度分布和规模-频度分布进行了分析,结果揭示了高被引科学家排序位次与论文数之间的负指数函数关系,三分之二高被引科学家的论文数量在100-400篇之间。对高被引科学家年均论文产出力的研究发现,高被引科学家的年均SCI论文数量约为7篇,不同国家和不同学科高被引科学家的年均论文产出力存在差异。     

中国“全球高被引科学家”结构特征和成长规律分析——基于2014—2020年“全球高被引科学家”榜单数据

以科睿唯安公司2014—2020年发布的"全球高被引科学家"榜单为基础,分析、比较不同国家入选者的结构特征和趋势变化,对其中入选者工作地在中国境内的"高被引科学家"基本情况和成长规律进行分析。总结中国内地"全球高被引科学家"学科分布及成长规律特点包括中国"全球高被引科学家"数量和占比具有显著增长性;三分之一学科领域具有全球引领性;地域分布具有高度集中性;海外经历具有阶段普遍性;职称破格具有一致认可性。据此提出中国实现战略科技领域精准引才用才育才的政策建议,包括制定精准引才专项计划,绘制全球高被引科学家地图;制定精准用才专项方案,提升高层次人才使用效能;避免ESI学科领域"木桶效应"现象,实现战略科技人才前瞻培养等。     

Processing procedural documents: A cognitive model for following written directions

This paper reviews empirical literature on how people use documents to perform tasks. We examine studies that have been published under the topics of: following written directions, reading maps, following instructions, using job performance aids, and processing procedural texts. Documents that contain a procedure, such as a set of directions, require transformation of information. Such transformation frequently requires converting a procedure represented verbally in a text into a procedure represented behaviorally in a performance. To accomplish this transformation, we propose that students must: (a) form a conceptual model of the performance; (b) encode procedures from the document; (c) engage in self-testing; and (d) conduct self-corrections to repair mistakes. We further propose that these operations are performed most efficiently with distinctive information resources. An overview of the task is likely to be most effective in facilitating conceptual model formation. Procedural information that emphasizes temporal characteristics of the performance will facilitate the encoding of procedures. A representation of the outcome (usually graphic) improves self-testing, and the comparison of the outcome with progress in the workspace leads to most effective self-correction. This process-resource interaction minimizes the number and complexity of transformations required to process procedural documents.     

宪法权利与程序保障

面对国家权力的扩张和个人主义的危机,程序对公民宪法权利的保障作用已日益彰显。因此,从理论上科学地阐释宪法权利与程序保障内在要素之间的逻辑关系,对建构科学、规范、完善的程序保障体系,充分保障基本人权,具有十分重要的基础性意义。     

2004-2008年国内图书馆学研究高被引论文的统计与分析

对国内2004-2008年图书馆学研究高被引论文的被引用情况进行了统计分析。结果表明,2004-2008年,国内图书馆学研究高被引论文共104篇,总被引频次5 705次,篇均被引频次54.85次。根据高被引论文的发表情况,筛选出了图书馆学研究的重要期刊、多产作者和多产科研机构。同时对高被引论文的产出地区和高被引论文的研究主题也进行了统计与分析。