论言语交际中语境的选择和操控

语境的生成是一个动态的过程,语境生成的动态性不仅体现在言语交际中参与者对相关语境要素的选择和调控上,也体现在言语交际活动之后双方对不同表意框架的选择上.该文通过对一起由手机短信所引发的争议的分析表明:言语交际的参与者为了达到特定的目的,可以对不同语境要素和表意框架进行选择,通过对语境的操控来影响释话人的行为.     

新社会阶层有序参与民主政治建设的历史经验

新社会阶层有序参与民主政治建设的历史经验表明:必须坚持中国共产党的领导,将加强党的执政能力同扩大党的执政基础有机结合起来;必须坚持以经济建设为中心,将市场经济体制和机制的建设同社会主义基本制度有机结合起来;必须坚持以人为本,将全面落实科学发展观同社会主义和谐社会建设有机结合起来;必须坚持以现有民主政治构架为基础,将新社会阶层参与民主政治建设的有序性和全体性有机结合起来。     

1949-1966年中国马克思主义史家的史学遗产观

对待史学遗产的态度,在很大程度上决定了＂十七年史学＂中马克思主义史学取得的成就。＂十七年史学＂中关于史学遗产的认识,远不是简单否定和粗暴抛弃,而是秉持着一种系统全面、辩证开放的史学遗产观。这在历史观、治史旨趣、研究领域和研究方法等方面都有突出的反映。当然,对这一时期史学遗产的研究要想得出正确的认识,还需要避免阶级斗争泛化的思维惯性。     

意识形态与政治性话语诉求的认识性装置——对1960年代历史小说的知识考古学分析

1960年代的历史小说表达了作家们在向历史诉求的过程中与小说中的历史人物彼此生死相知以及他们对现实的介入性言说,而这种面向历史的精神旨归和介入现实的话语呈现,又隐约地透露出作家在现实规训下的复杂心态。1960年代的历史小说也成了意识形态与政治话语诉求的认识性装置,从一个侧面显示了权力、制度、意识形态等对文学与人的规训以及这种规训的隐秘成规。     

Classroom action research on formative assessment in a context-based chemistry course

Context-based science courses stimulate students to reconstruct the information presented by connecting to their prior knowledge and experiences. However, students need support. Formative assessments inform both teacher and students about students’ knowledge deficiencies and misconceptions and how students can be supported. Research on formative assessments suggests a positive impact on students’ science achievement, although its success depends on how the formative assessment is implemented in class. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the effects of formative assessments on achievement during a context-based chemistry course on lactic acid. In a classroom action research setting, a pre-test/post-test control group design with switching replications was applied. Student achievement was measured in two pre-tests, two post-tests and a retention test. Participants were Grade 9 students from one secondary school in the Netherlands. Repeated-measures analysis showed a significant effect of formative assessments on students’ achievement. During the implementation of the formative assessments, intriguing discussions emerged between students, between students and teacher, and between teachers. Adding formative assessments to context-based approaches reinforces their strength to meet with the current challenges of chemistry education. Formative assessments affect students’ achievement positively and stimulate feedback between students and teacher(s).     

温莎城堡

How specialist repair work restored Windsor Castle to its former glory.Many people in Britain and across the world can remember the night a few years ago when Windsor Castle caught fire.     

“科学革命”：知识生态圈的进化现象——对科恩鉴别“科学革命”四个判据的再思考

对如何鉴别科学理论和科学发现中哪些是具有革命性的或不具有革命性的争论一直没有停止过。科恩提出了自己的观点：鉴别科学革命发生与否的四个判据。科恩的四个判据带有明显的主观因素，判据之间界限模糊，并非鉴别科学革命的充分必要条件，在广泛适用性和普遍性上存在着可推敲之处。新旧科学理论的更替正如自然界中的新陈代谢。是知识生态圈的进化现象，用科学进化更能表现科学理论发展的实质。     

The problem-solving process as part of professionals’ boundary work in preschool to school transition

ABSTRACT

A successful transition from preschool to school demands continuity in education between the institutions: continuity in pedagogy, values and institutional structures. One way to achieve continuity is to learn how to do boundary work in the borderline of two activity systems. This article examines what kinds of discourses frame the problem-solving process in the context of inter-professional collaboration. The data consists of video-recorded, inter-professional discussions in the 2012–2013 (a total of 22.5?h). The project, called Flexible Preschool and School, aims to develop a new model for a smooth transition to school. In the project, professionals from preschool and school create joint activities and co-teaching, which is assumed to bridge the gap between pedagogies and assure the continuity of learning. The professionals’ cultural thoughts in different kinds of problem-solving situations become visible in the discourses produced in the talk. These discourses describe their capacity for solving shared problems. Creating new innovations demands an understanding that complex problems require diverse knowledge. Considering the shared knowledge as valuable enough to put into practice is the way to create new forms of problem-solving. This is implemented by taking on the responsibility to be an active actor.     

我国世界史研究的发展方向

在我国历史学领域,世界史研究属于起步晚、底子薄的学科,虽说自改革开放以来得以迅速勃兴,但仍然处于初期发展阶段,尚不足与欧美史学界进行直接的对话与交流。但另一方面,随着“全球化”趋势和中国与外界联系的逐渐扩大,世界史研究的重要价值日益凸显,对这一学科之发展方向的选     

翦伯赞论文学作品的史料价值和“文史合一”的历史书写

文史关系是中国传统史学的重要命题,中国现代诸多史家对此作了多角度和层面的继承与发展。翦伯赞是在这方面做出重要贡献的马克思主义史学家。他系统和深入地分析了中国古代文学作品的史料价值及其原因,并大量引用文学作品来论证和阐释历史,开拓了"引文入史"的治史新径。他发扬"文史合一"的历史书写传统,强调历史书写的文学性,写出许多文采飞扬和饱含激情的经典史作与历史散文。同中国现代其它史家相比,翦伯赞所作的理论和实践探索特色鲜明,贡献卓著。