1949-1966年中国马克思主义史家的史学遗产观

对待史学遗产的态度,在很大程度上决定了＂十七年史学＂中马克思主义史学取得的成就。＂十七年史学＂中关于史学遗产的认识,远不是简单否定和粗暴抛弃,而是秉持着一种系统全面、辩证开放的史学遗产观。这在历史观、治史旨趣、研究领域和研究方法等方面都有突出的反映。当然,对这一时期史学遗产的研究要想得出正确的认识,还需要避免阶级斗争泛化的思维惯性。     

意识形态与政治性话语诉求的认识性装置——对1960年代历史小说的知识考古学分析

1960年代的历史小说表达了作家们在向历史诉求的过程中与小说中的历史人物彼此生死相知以及他们对现实的介入性言说,而这种面向历史的精神旨归和介入现实的话语呈现,又隐约地透露出作家在现实规训下的复杂心态。1960年代的历史小说也成了意识形态与政治话语诉求的认识性装置,从一个侧面显示了权力、制度、意识形态等对文学与人的规训以及这种规训的隐秘成规。     

Classroom action research on formative assessment in a context-based chemistry course

Context-based science courses stimulate students to reconstruct the information presented by connecting to their prior knowledge and experiences. However, students need support. Formative assessments inform both teacher and students about students’ knowledge deficiencies and misconceptions and how students can be supported. Research on formative assessments suggests a positive impact on students’ science achievement, although its success depends on how the formative assessment is implemented in class. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the effects of formative assessments on achievement during a context-based chemistry course on lactic acid. In a classroom action research setting, a pre-test/post-test control group design with switching replications was applied. Student achievement was measured in two pre-tests, two post-tests and a retention test. Participants were Grade 9 students from one secondary school in the Netherlands. Repeated-measures analysis showed a significant effect of formative assessments on students’ achievement. During the implementation of the formative assessments, intriguing discussions emerged between students, between students and teacher, and between teachers. Adding formative assessments to context-based approaches reinforces their strength to meet with the current challenges of chemistry education. Formative assessments affect students’ achievement positively and stimulate feedback between students and teacher(s).     

“科学革命”：知识生态圈的进化现象——对科恩鉴别“科学革命”四个判据的再思考

对如何鉴别科学理论和科学发现中哪些是具有革命性的或不具有革命性的争论一直没有停止过。科恩提出了自己的观点：鉴别科学革命发生与否的四个判据。科恩的四个判据带有明显的主观因素，判据之间界限模糊，并非鉴别科学革命的充分必要条件，在广泛适用性和普遍性上存在着可推敲之处。新旧科学理论的更替正如自然界中的新陈代谢。是知识生态圈的进化现象，用科学进化更能表现科学理论发展的实质。     

The problem-solving process as part of professionals’ boundary work in preschool to school transition

ABSTRACT

A successful transition from preschool to school demands continuity in education between the institutions: continuity in pedagogy, values and institutional structures. One way to achieve continuity is to learn how to do boundary work in the borderline of two activity systems. This article examines what kinds of discourses frame the problem-solving process in the context of inter-professional collaboration. The data consists of video-recorded, inter-professional discussions in the 2012–2013 (a total of 22.5?h). The project, called Flexible Preschool and School, aims to develop a new model for a smooth transition to school. In the project, professionals from preschool and school create joint activities and co-teaching, which is assumed to bridge the gap between pedagogies and assure the continuity of learning. The professionals’ cultural thoughts in different kinds of problem-solving situations become visible in the discourses produced in the talk. These discourses describe their capacity for solving shared problems. Creating new innovations demands an understanding that complex problems require diverse knowledge. Considering the shared knowledge as valuable enough to put into practice is the way to create new forms of problem-solving. This is implemented by taking on the responsibility to be an active actor.     

翦伯赞论文学作品的史料价值和“文史合一”的历史书写

文史关系是中国传统史学的重要命题,中国现代诸多史家对此作了多角度和层面的继承与发展。翦伯赞是在这方面做出重要贡献的马克思主义史学家。他系统和深入地分析了中国古代文学作品的史料价值及其原因,并大量引用文学作品来论证和阐释历史,开拓了"引文入史"的治史新径。他发扬"文史合一"的历史书写传统,强调历史书写的文学性,写出许多文采飞扬和饱含激情的经典史作与历史散文。同中国现代其它史家相比,翦伯赞所作的理论和实践探索特色鲜明,贡献卓著。     

从《国朝典汇》看徐学聚的史学思想

《国朝典汇》是明代万历间徐学聚编纂的一部本朝典制类史书。分类编载了自明太祖开国至隆庆间二百余年朝廷内外典章史实。它是研究明史必不可少的史著。书中蕴涵了徐学聚丰富的史学思想。文章从天命史观、正统史观、重民思想、秉笔直书等方面来阐述徐学聚的史学思想。     

福建师范大学图书馆藏中琉关系史料述略——明清文献之二

本文系《福建师范大学图书馆藏中琉关系史料述略-明清文献之一》的续作，并承上文中体例，分为：一、册封使的著作；二、历史、地理类典籍；三、诗文集、类书、笔记、杂著等三个部分。将馆藏有关中琉关系的17种明清文献，分别述其要略，以便向学术界提供史料参考。     

批判格莱斯合作原则,探索理解会话含义的新途径

:由于会话含义是隐含于字面意义中的说话者的真实意义 ,缺乏直观性 ,这就为语言的理解 ,特别是跨文化交际中会话含义的理解带来了困难。而格莱斯合作原则只是在微观方面分析了会话含义的产生 ,具有自身的局限性 ,只有结合宏观方面 ,把二者统一起来 ,才能全面地理解会话含义     

语法里的歧义现象

歧义是比较常见的语法现象.最普通的歧义由多义词引起.另外,句子构造层次、语法关系、成分的类型不同,也会造成句法歧义.词汇以外的原因引起的歧义是语境歧义.这三种歧义现象使语言的运用更加丰富多彩.