于细微处见真章——学者口述史采访中的细节问题

口述史学与以文字书写的传统史学在技术路线上固然有所不同,然而有一点却是相同的,这就是历史细节的发掘与描写。历史事件都是由细节构成的,没有细节,就没有可信的历史。文章认为,学者是人类文明的创造者、记录者、传承者,对学者进行口述史采访,尤其应当注重细节发掘。《史记》之所以成为中国历史上一部具有划时代意义的史学巨著,与司马迁特别注重历史细节的记录与描写有关。通过学者口述史采访,我们一方面可以记录历史事件的具体发展过程,还原历史真相,补充第一手珍贵的历史资料;另一方面,还能感受到他们的道德情怀与人文精神,有助于传承与弘扬中华优秀传统文化。文章还结合中国记忆项目实践,介绍了对冯其庸、顾方舟、黄能馥、黄明信等学者进行口述史采访的具体细节。     

Update: The Invisible Farmer: securing Australian farm women’s history

This article reviews the Invisible Farmer project – the largest study of Australian women on the land – a third of the way through its three year funding period. It introduces the aims of this collaborative and multidisciplinary project, focusing on the role of records and oral histories in the creation of new narratives, and the task of raising public awareness of the important historical and contemporary contributions made by Australian women farmers. We examine the way digital platforms work to curate records and promote research, and outline the important role that the Australian Women’s Register, a core project of the Australian Women’s Archives Project, will play in achieving outcomes.     

基于主题关联的Altmetrics演进动态识别

Altmetrics是Web2.0时代一种新兴的计量方法并受到国内外学者的认同、关注与研究。识别国际Altmetrics主题演进动态,发现国际Altmetrics知识演化规律,从而为我国Altmetrics的研究提供借鉴或参考。基于此,本文运用Sci MAT软件绘制了Wo S中的2012—2015年Altmetrics研究文献的覆盖图、演进图、战略图三种知识图谱,以期识别出国际Altmetrics演进动态。研究发现:Altmetrics研究以传统计量学的理论方法为基础,其理论体系覆盖文献计量学、科学计量学、信息计量学和网络计量学;研究主题由学术影响研究向学术影响研究和社会影响研究转变;计量数据由引文数据向引文数据和社交媒体数据转换。因此,Altmetrics有着广泛的研究、应用与发展空间,值得研究人员尤其是计量研究人员的关注、重视及研究。     

民国时期中美图书馆交流史序说:研究综述、理论基础与历史分期

民国时期的中美图书馆交流史不仅是理解中国图书馆与图书馆学缘起的重要议题,在回应图书馆领域史学研究的“双重困境”方面,也具有其特殊的价值。梳理民国时期中美图书馆交流史的相关文献和研究主题发现,本课题难点在于庞杂的线索、社群与诸多政治、经济因素的介入等。由此,本研究吸收“世界体系理论”“书籍交流圈”等跨学科的思想和方法,提出一个由宏观、中观和微观三个层次组成的理论视角,并阐述这一理论视角如何转化为具体的研究方法,以提高学界对民国时期中美图书馆交流史研究的整体理解和把控能力。研究发现,“专业交往”到“文化外交”的视角渐变是民国时期中美图书馆交流的核心轴线,以此可以将这段历史分为四个时期,帮助我们把握不同时期的交往脉络、主要成就和基本特点。表1。参考文献73。     

19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究

美国主日学校图书馆是十九世纪基督教传教活动的一种辅助设施,以向儿童进行宗教和伦理教化为主要目的。作为公共图书馆兴起以前重要的图书馆形态,其定位、功能与作用值得系统深入的研究。主日学校图书馆的创设始于19世纪初期,1850年左右成为美国提供宗教文献和儿童读物的主要渠道,其广泛建立和发展一直持续到1880年,之后日渐式微。主日学校图书馆藏书重点由宗教文献向通俗童书过渡;分类编目处于草创阶段,较为粗略;读者服务规章严格,以闭架借阅为主;率先向儿童免费开放,是儿童图书馆事业的基石;培养儿童阅读习惯,促进了美国基础教育的发展;突破阶级、种族和性别壁垒,促进了公共图书馆民主、平等与包容等服务理念的形成;遍布美国各地,奠定了农村图书馆事业发展的基础。表1。参考文献38。     

Worn Grooves

Drawing from visual, material and written archival sources, this article critically explores some of the functions, uses and perceived values of recorded sound during the First World War and in its aftermath. An instrument of communication as well as commemoration, the gramophone helped bridge geographical (and, in some cases, cultural) distances between the home front and the rear, providing civilians with the fleeting illusion of presence, proximity, or even sentimental communion with the front. The article analyses (a) the affective and connective, but also propagandist, values of commercial wartime recordings as they circulated between the home and the front, (b) the popular notion of gramophones as regulatory instruments of civilisation, (c) the commemorative exploitations of recorded sound in the interwar period. The article focuses on the British experience, contrasting it with examples drawn from French and German experiences.     

The Formation of Swedish Media Studies, 1960–1980

Around 1960, the politics of the emerging media society in Sweden tended to fixate the formative functions of mass communication. The monopoly of public service broadcast media, press subsidies and new tendencies in film policy were some of the issues around which uncertainty prevailed. New methods to provide reliable data were sought by politicians, since empirical facts were required as arguments for an updated media policy. This article examines the different ways that the field of media studies was introduced in Sweden between 1960 and 1980. We argue that Swedish academic media studies departed from, and emerged within, a rather diffuse borderland between industry, politics and academia. The formation of national media research in Sweden can partly be seen as an effect of politicians and the media industry wanting to be better informed on issues such as media influence, media ownership and the habits and composition of the media audience.     

A new approach to explore the knowledge transition path in the evolution of science & technology: From the biology of restriction enzymes to their application in biotechnology

In this contribution, we develop a new approach to explore the process of knowledge transition from discovery-oriented science to technological fields, via applications-oriented research, including a mediator set. This trajectory is referred to as the D-A-T trajectory. It is shown how it can be constructed and measures are proposed to characterize the relational strength among different environments (discovery oriented research, applications-oriented research and patents) and the speed of evolution. Our approach is illustrated by a case study of three fundamental restriction enzymes articles. Among other results we found that 387 patents cited 124 of the 988 articles (a share of 12.55%) in the mediator set. Defining the non-patent references (NPR) transition rate as the number of citing patents divided by the number of articles in the mediator set yields a value 0.392. Our results suggest that the D-A-T path acts as a backbone and reveals important “invisible contributions” of an original scientific work during its evolution from discovery oriented research to outside academia. Our contribution provides a useful tool for bridging the existing gap in detecting the transition of knowledge between science and technology.     

The “Free Press” of Unionized Journalists and Students

This paper outlines a history of the union organizing of the American Newspaper Guild at Thomson Newspapers’ Peterborough Examiner in Canada from 1968 to 1969. It examines the communication tools that union members used to facilitate this labor organizing and “bite back” at the profitable Thomson chain. Peterborough newsworkers went on strike from November 1968 to April 1969 over union recognition. During the strike, the union members built an unprecedented alliance with Ontario university students, collaboratively launching a strike newspaper called the Peterborough Free Press. Expanding on the concept of temporary labor convergence, this paper considers how strike newspapers can be seen as a form of alternative journalism that newsworkers use as a campaigning tool to communicate their struggles to the public and put pressure on news corporations to bargain with them. This case study is situated in the local institutional contexts of labor relations at the Peterborough Examiner and the news industry in Peterborough, where Thomson Newspapers had a media monopoly. It is based on labor standpoint and signal juncture analyses of union archival documents and newspaper content. The research ultimately suggests that newsworkers should not only focus on communication tools but also build bridges with community members.     

近代中国留学史研究的回顾与反思

近代中国留学史研究发端于二十世纪初的教育史研究,且较早得到国外学者的关注。自上世纪九十年代,相关学术成果不断涌现。目前,理论视角、研究方法以及史料运用等方面存在的问题成为制约留学史研究进一步发展的瓶颈。