基于格式塔理论的英语阅读模式

格式塔理论的核心是整体论。认识一个事物,首先应从整体着眼,然后再考虑各部分之间的关系,以及各部分与整体之间的关系。基于此,本文提出＂整体——部分——整体＂的英语语篇整体阅读模式,强调语篇的阅读应从篇章整体出发,从语篇分析、词义识解到语篇的理解,都应考虑到语篇的整体性。具体为整体俯瞰、部分识解、整体建构三个过程,每一过程各有侧重,最终达到完形,实现对语篇的高层面理解。     

篮球比赛计时计分系统的研发

篮球比赛中用的传统的计时计分系统在先进的电子技术和软件技术的冲击下,亟待改进。文章阐述了新型的篮球比赛计时计分系统的研发思路,运用单片机技术完成系统显示设备的设计工作,利用C＋＋语言开发出了Windows平台下的篮球比赛计时记分系统软件。该系统具有的主要功能有：比赛队员信息录入、队员犯规信息记录统计、队员更换、比分记录、比赛时间记录、24 s倒计时、比赛时间及比分显示等。     

The Intergenerational Transmission of Inspiration: Reflections on the Origin of a Peer-Mentoring Project

The author gives a personal account of his relationship with his graduate mentor, Allan Schnaiberg. He also describes a mentoring project that he created with a colleague. The mentoring project emerges as both a vehicle for and a window onto the intergenerational transmission of the mentoring disposition of Schnaiberg. It stands as but one of many branches of the expanding influence of Schnaiberg’s life as a scholar, professor, graduate mentor and man. The importance of holistic mentoring is explored, with particular attention to the critical value of its central, affective dimension. Mentoring is particularly important today for non-traditional students, who have a heightened need to feel that they belong in the academic setting. It is suggested that mentoring serves as the guidance function associated with the process by which any being goes through the challenging transition from one cycle, or level of experience, to the next.     

Connecting to the Good Life through outdoor adventure leadership experiences designed for Indigenous youth

Indigenous voices are largely silent in the outdoor education and adventure therapy literature. The purpose of this research collaboration was to understand how a 10-day outdoor adventure leadership experience (OALE) may promote resilience and well-being for Indigenous youth through their participation in the program. The process was examined through a community-based participatory research project that sought insight from the perspectives of one First Nations community in Canada. The OALE was implemented with six different groups for a total of 43 youth participants (ages 11.9–18.7 years) from Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve in northeastern Ontario. Field data were collected from multiple sources including participant interviews, journals, focus groups, and talking circles. Using a critical ethnographic lens, we analyzed the data inductively to understand how the OALE promoted resilience and well-being. We listened to Indigenous voices, adhered to principles of Indigenous coding for thematic content and respected Indigenous ways of knowing for interpreting results. The process of connecting to the Good Life (Anishinaabe Bimaadziwin) or waking up (nsidwaaswok) to the Good Life emerged as the dominant theme. Connecting to the Good Life may offer a simple yet compelling way to understand the net impact of the OALE.     

Automated Scoring of Constructed‐Response Science Items: Prospects and Obstacles

Content‐based automated scoring has been applied in a variety of science domains. However, many prior applications involved simplified scoring rubrics without considering rubrics representing multiple levels of understanding. This study tested a concept‐based scoring tool for content‐based scoring, c‐rater?, for four science items with rubrics aiming to differentiate among multiple levels of understanding. The items showed moderate to good agreement with human scores. The findings suggest that automated scoring has the potential to score constructed‐response items with complex scoring rubrics, but in its current design cannot replace human raters. This article discusses sources of disagreement and factors that could potentially improve the accuracy of concept‐based automated scoring.     

十九世纪浪漫主义时期欧美生态文学述评

“回归自然”是19世纪上半叶浪漫主义学的主题之一,生态学也因此在这一时期得以崛起。但是．并非所有赞美,描绘自然的学作品都属于生态学。通过对具体作家作品的比较,对生态学的内涵的辨析,以实现对这一时期出现的欧美重要的生态作家的梳理和概述。     

Dangerous liaisons: Reflections on a pilot project for state-mandated outcomes assessment of written communication

This study details the development and results of a campus-based writing assessment plan that was mandated by a state-wide university system in order to explore the “value-added” from a writing program curriculum to undergraduate students’ competence with written expression. Four writing samples (two timed essays and two conventional essays) that are produced before, during and at the close of enrollment in the writing program are scored for critical thinking, genre knowledge, rhetorical skills, and mechanics. The results indicate that local campus student achievement related to writing is comparable with performance captured by nationally normed technologies and larger assessment projects at similar state universities. The data also suggest significant performance difference related to the institutional position of students’ instructors as well as students’ own enrollment status. The article concludes that while the data produced by this research project are compelling, the policy and political implications of the undertaking suggest greater sensitivity to the institution's culture and program direction as well as its impact on instructor morale, student learning environment and the place of composition studies in the university.     

SOLO分类评价法及其应用研究

SOLO分类评价理论将观察到的学习结果分成五个水平:前结构水平、单一结构水平、多元结构水平、拓展抽象水平、关联水平。如果将上述五个层次赋予不同的等级分数,那么学生对问题回答的质量就可以被量化,量化的分数作为终结性评价的依据,这样SOLO分类评价法就可以用来解决学生思维水平层次的问题。探究用SOLO分类评价法进行试题编制的一般方法,设计相关数学知识的测试题,并将其在实践中加以检验和分析。结合分析结果得出SOLO分类评价理论的特点及其存在的问题。     

基于战略的全面预算管理探讨

全面预算管理体系作为企业管理制度的一个重要组成部分,不仅是企业自我监督、自我约束的重要手段,而且已经成为新的竞争环境下企业实施战略管理的新工具。全文阐述了基于企业战略的全面预算管理的重要意义;解析了战略的本质,明确了基于企业战略的全面预算管理的概念及其基本特征。引入平衡计分卡和作业成本法的战略管理工具,把战略管理的贯彻、战略规划程序和预算程序组成一个整体,从而有助于确保预算对战略的支持,实现战略与预算的有效对接。     

发挥中医药的整体性科学价值,提升国家核心竞争力

发挥中医药的当代价值，应当具备整体性哲学修养，看到中医药作为整体性科学的价值。只有从整体性的要求出发，科学才能成为融会贯通的学问，发挥其最大价值。以整体性科学价值为基础，制定合乎实际的中医药发展战略，将有助于实现中国科学与文化的输出与应用，全面提升国家核心竞争力。