台湾地区乡村治理中的平权特点及其启示

中国台湾地区的乡村自治经历多次变革,形成治理成本低而收益高的平权式治理模式。它具有村级公共权力分配的合理性、乡镇权力的延伸性、村民权利的现实性等特点。这对当下中国大陆地区村民自治的改革中的公共权力分配、乡镇与村组织的衔接、法律法规的完善和民间组织的发展等具有一定启示意义。     

权威理性化视域下的近代中国政制转型

政治权威的转变、政治权势的转移,既是政治、社会变动的必然产物,又极大地影响了政治和社会变动的进程。纵观近代中国政治现代化的发展过程,政治权威理性化的演变是近代中国政治发展的一条主脉络。从太平天国革命、戊戌维新、清末新政到辛亥革命,政治建设、政治变革均因其制度选择和权威变化与西方民主制度的本质要求不符而遭失败。历史经验表明,在政治现代化进程中,权威的理性化、世俗化发展是政治发展的先导和条件。任何一个稳固的政权,既要有足够强大的权力,也要有必需的权威。前者是建立在强制的基础上的,后者则是建立在自愿服从的基础上的。也就是说,一个政权在拥有强大的使人服从的强制性手段的同时,还应能赢得人们自愿的服从,这样才是稳固的、持久的。     

Enlightened paternalism: the prohibition of corporal punishment in Spanish public schools in the nineteenth century

In order to analyse the cultural values of Spanish liberalism, this paper describes the prohibition of corporal punishment in secondary education. The evolution of education laws and codes during the nineteenth century reveals great hope and confidence in building up an academic authority based exclusively on the power of reason and capable of ruling an ordered society. However, the study of documents found in the Instituto de Valencia historical archives highlights the difficulty of maintaining discipline as well as managing the political motivations of rebellious students, who demanded more autonomy from the academic authority.     

Differences in representations of Japanese name authority data among CJK countries and the Library of Congress

This study aims to compare representations of Japanese personal and corporate name authority data in Japan, South Korea, China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), and the Library of Congress (LC) in order to identify differences and to bring to light issues affecting name authority data sharing projects, such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). For this purpose, actual data, manuals, formats, and case reports of organizations as research objects were collected. Supplemental e-mail and face-to-face interviews were also conducted. Subsequently, five check points considered to be important in creating Japanese name authority data were set, and the data of each organization were compared from these five perspectives. Before the comparison, an overview of authority control in Chinese, Japanese, Korean-speaking (CJK) countries was also provided. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) the databases of China and South Korea have mixed headings in Kanji and other Chinese characters; (2) few organizations display the correspondence between Kanji and their yomi; (3) romanization is not mandatory in some organizations and is different among organizations; (4) some organizations adopt representations in their local language; and (5) some names in hiragana are not linked with their local forms and might elude a search.     

中文数据库检索技术研究的一项新内容 兼谈《美国国会图书馆拼音转换计划:新汉语罗马化准则》的诞生及其主要内容

文章在简单论述从威妥玛拼音产生到汉语拼音诞生的全过程基础之上,首次在国内全面阐述和分析了<美国国会图书馆拼音转换计划>的主要内容,并且详细、准确地介绍了威氏标音和汉语拼音的对照表,以及美国国会图书馆对于中国传统地名由威氏标音向汉语拼音转换的具体标目修改形式和修改时间.这对于我国中文数据库检索技术的研究和全球信息资源共享来说是相当重要的.这是西方图书馆史上的一个新的里程碑.     

Exploring the theory-practice gap in initial teacher education: moving beyond questions of relevance to issues of power and authority

The ‘theory-practice divide’ in teacher education can be viewed not simply as an acceptance of a body of knowledge but instead an acceptance of the teacher educator’s authority to determine what is relevant educational theory. This research aimed to explore student teachers’ views of ‘educational theory’ and how it was discursively positioned relative to their practice in an attempt to examine whether their acceptance or rejection of it was also related to accepting the authority of the teacher educator. Using one-to-one interviews with 23 student teachers and employing a discourse analysis, four categories of students emerged. The paper describes these four categories and discusses the implications of these findings for initial teacher education and our understanding of the ‘theory-practice’ gap.     

村落权威研究综述

村落权威在村落中的积极行为以及沟通村落内外的中介作用,使它吸引了众多国内外学者的注意,纵观国内外研究,村落权威研究经历了从静止的共时研究转向动态的过程研究,由外在的结构—功能研究向行为者内在行为观念研究的转向,同时村落权威研究也呈现出研究方式相互渗透,相互影响的发展趋势。     

我国高校图书馆读者借阅权限研究综述

读者借阅权限的合理设定有利于提高图书文献资源的利用率,最大限度地满足读者的需求。目前高校图书馆读者借阅权限的设定有不合理性,关于改革读者借阅权限设定方法的研究逐渐增多,但操作细节上尚不够深入,实证性研究较少,可行性研究较粗浅。依据读者的现实需求来个性化地确定借阅权限,已成为目前高校图书馆借阅权限改革的方向。     

我国高校图书馆读者借阅权限研究综述

读者借阅权限的合理设定有利于提高图书文献资源的利用率,最大限度地满足读者的需求。目前高校图书馆读者借阅权限的设定有不合理性,关于改革读者借阅权限设定方法的研究逐渐增多,但操作细节上尚不够深入,实证性研究较少,可行性研究较粗浅。依据读者的现实需求来个性化地确定借阅权限,已成为目前高校图书馆借阅权限改革的方向。     

云计算环境下的图书馆信息资源安全问题思考

论文在简述云计算及其对图书馆发展产生有利影响的基础上,分析云计算环境下图书馆信息资源将面临的诸如优先访问权风险、管理权限风险、数据存储位置风险、数据隔离风险、数据恢复风险等问题,并提出了解决这些问题的一些思路。