经师易得,人师难求——论冯友兰的《阐教化》

当代高等教育的发展问题,是高校教师如何恪守自己的角色使命,履行自己的社会责任问题。＂教师＂所担当的＂社会角色＂,赋予了教师不容回避的、更加丰富、更加多元化的使命与责任内涵,而这种使命与责任正是教育改革的依据和发展的方向。冯友兰树人师、重教化的教育思想,不仅对于我们深入解读其教育哲学、现代教育精神与价值取向富有启发意义,而且有助于揭示其教育思想中培养人与师德关系的当代实践价值,实现高等教育的可持续发展,也具有鲜明的现代意义。     

论教育的人性论基础

教育理论和实践总是离不开对于人性的理解和认定,人们的儿童观和教育观总是以特定的人性思想为基础。对教育思想中的人性论进行了梳理,对人的基本属性即人的自然属性、社会属性、精神属性与教育之间的关系进行了探讨。研究认为,精神性、生命性、差异性、创新性等,是“人性化教育”的核心思想与实践原则。     

Health care utilization pattern prior to maltreatment among children under five years of age in Taiwan

BackgroundSeveral studies have hypothesized that the pattern of health care utilization among maltreated children differ from others without the experience. However, the conclusions have not been consistent.ObjectiveThe study aims to examine whether the pattern of health care utilization among children 0–5 years old with maltreatment different from their counterparts without maltreatment in Taiwan.Subjects and SettingAll children born in 2007 in Taiwan.MethodThis is a population-based and case-controlled study. Cases are children under five years of ago with maltreatment-related diagnosis in the claims data of the National Health Insurance in Taiwan during the 2007–2013 period. For each case, there were 10 birth date-matched controls. Exposure variables include the number of injury or non-injury-related outpatients, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalization. Multivariate models were employed, with adjustment for sex, urbanization level, and comorbidities of children.ResultsOf children born in 2007, 382 had maltreatment-related diagnosis during the age of 0–5. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for having two or more ED visits with or without injury-related diagnosis is 3.52 (95% CI 1.75–7.07) and 2.0-0 (95% CI 1.47–2.72), respectively. Children with maltreatment also had significantly higher number of hospitalization without injury-related diagnosis and aOR for those having two more hospitalizations stands at 2.47 (95% CI 1.59–3.83).ConclusionsChildren with maltreatment when 0–5 years old had higher number of ED visits with injury-related diagnosis, as well as hospitalization without injury-related diagnosis. Recognition of the health care utilization is conducive to early identification of children with risk for maltreatment.     

From care to education and work? Education and employment trajectories in early adulthood by children in out-of-home care

BackgroundTemporal dynamics during the early adulthood transition among children in out-of-home care is a neglected research area, leaving the possibility of coping with childhood adversity over time a poorly understood topic.ObjectiveTo explore early adulthood education and employment trajectories among young adults who experienced out-of-home care during childhood and to examine how various care history factors predict these trajectories.ParticipantsWe use longitudinal birth cohort data comprising individual-level information from national registers of all children born in Finland in 1987 (N = 59,476, of whom 1893 were in care).Setting and methodsWe use trajectory clustering from a previous study on the 1987 birth cohort to compare trajectories between children in care and a propensity score–matched group of peers never in care. We investigated the association between care history factors and trajectories with multinomial logistic regression modeling.ResultsCompared with the matched peer group, children in care were less likely to enter trajectories characterized by education and employment (38%) and more likely to enter trajectories involving early parenthood (14%) or long periods of fragmented social assistance benefit receipt and unemployment (21%). Those on early parenthood trajectories were almost exclusively women, whereas those receiving social assistance benefits and experiencing unemployment for lengthy periods were mostly men. Entering disadvantaged trajectories was associated with, inter alia, placement as an adolescent, residential care, and aging out of care.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the relevance of examining longitudinal trajectories in children in care’s early adulthood. Many young adults with care experience need support in education and employment beyond young adult age.     

马克思主义实践观的人文意蕴对我国大学生理想教育的启示

改革开放以来,理想教育作为大学生思想政治教育的核心内容,一直是国内思想政治教育研究领域的一个热点课题。目前我国大学生理想教育的效果不佳,部分学生的理想状况令人担忧。要解决这个难题,可以借鉴马克思主义实践观的人文意蕴,为理想教育注入人文关怀,从而达到理想教育应有的效果。     

A network-based concept extraction for managing customer requests in a social media care context

Web 2.0 changed everyday life in many aspects, including the whole system that orbits around the purchase of products and services. This revolution necessarily involved also companies, because customers became increasingly demanding. The diffusion of social media platforms pushed customers to prefer this channel for quickly obtaining information and feedback about what they want to buy, as well as for asking help after the selling. In this framework, many organisations adopted a new way of providing assistance known as social customer care. A direct link to companies allows customers to obtain real-time solutions. In this paper, we introduce a new strategy for automatically managing the information listed in the requests that customers send to the social media accounts of companies. Our proposal relies on the use of network techniques for extracting high-level structures from texts, highlighting the different concepts expressed into the customers’ written requests. The texts can be then organised on the basis of this new emerging information. An application to the requests sent to the AppleSupport service on Twitter shows the effectiveness of the strategy.     

生态链视角下医疗卫生领域知识服务模式探索

[目的/意义]旨在为医疗卫生领域知识服务提供理论与实践参考。[方法/过程]在生态链视角下,面向医疗卫生领域构建以生态链中的生产者为知识创新主体、分解者为知识实践主体、消费者为知识受益主体的医疗卫生领域知识依赖关系模型,并在此基础上,围绕知识服务各要素以及之间的关系探索医疗卫生领域知识服务模式。[结果/结论]提出医疗卫生资源消费者知识服务模式、医疗卫生资源生产者知识服务模式以及医疗卫生资源分解者知识服务模式。     

我国安宁疗护的发展和思考

临终患者在生理和心理方面遭受着不同程度的折磨,安宁疗护的发展对改善其临终生活质量、缓解对死亡的恐惧具有重大的研究意义。本文对我国安宁疗护的发展现状进行综述,分析其影响因素及对策研究,以期为后期开展针对性的安宁疗护提供参考。     

我国农民医疗保健事业发展沿革、现状及对策--衡阳农民医疗保健问题调查的思考

农村医疗卫生事业曾经有过较好的发展,但好景不长。目前,农村医疗卫生状况令人堪忧。农民看病难,形势严峻。要推进农村和谐社会建设,必须大力推行农村合作医疗制度改革。全面提升农民医疗保健水平。