美国学校辅导员的学生成功技能干预

学生成功技能是指学业成功所必备的技能。学校辅导员的学生成功技能干预是美国学业成就研究领域的一项新进展。研究表明,通过辅导员实施学生成功技能干预可以有效地提高学业成就。     

大学生网络成瘾的研究综述

网络成瘾作为一种新的心理社会问题在大中学生中日益严重．在国外,这种现象从20世纪90年代已经有研究者关注和研究．近年来,我国研究者也开始重视这方面的研究并取得了较大进展．对网络成瘾的概念界定、大学生诊断测量与大学生网络成瘾相关因素及干预各个方面的实证研究进行综述,有利于研究者进一步深入研究。     

初中生基于速度类运动处方体能素质干预实验研究

通过速度类项目50米跑课外教学实验,施以不同的教学方法,观察学生速度类体能素质经运动处方干预后的变情况,并运用方差分析对所得实验数据进行统计分析.结果显示：采用运动处方的方式干预初中生的速度类体能素质发展效果明显好于一般的教学方式.     

出租车监管措施效果的仿真预测模型

针对我国出租车监管措施的制定主要依据经验而缺乏理论支撑的现状,提出一种基于离散事件仿真的巡游型出租车服务模型。为真实模拟我国出租车路边随机搭载乘客居多的特点,假定出行需求分布在路网的节点和路段上。乘客根据价格和期望出行时间选择是否乘坐出租车,而空车根据有限的路网信息以及驾驶经验寻找乘客。模型能够模拟出租车在路网上搜索乘客并提供出行服务的动态过程,定量反映价格和配车数量与系统性能的关系,并预测改变起步价格、起步里程或者单位里程价格等监管措施的实施效果,为监管部门决策提供可靠的理论支持。     

智障儿童情绪识别特征的理论解释与具身干预

智障儿童的情绪识别能力存在基本情绪识别困难、各类识别任务表现不同、情绪加工方式偏好和特定性综合征差异四个主要特征.在解释智障儿童情绪识别主要特征时,传统认知理论的认知-智力局限假说和情绪特异性假说均孤立地看待身体与大脑,属于身心二元论.具身认知理论则强调身体及所处环境在情绪识别中的重要作用,从情绪体验、情绪刺激和加工方...     

Scholars committed to opportunities in psychological education: a training and mentoring program for future psychologists of color

ABSTRACT

Although strides towards inclusivity and racial equality have been made in graduate education, many barriers to graduate education remain for racial/ethnic minorities. In response, we created Scholars Committed to Opportunities in Psychological Education (SCOPE), a mentor-based program for racial/ethnic minority undergraduates. 63 racial/ethnic minority undergraduates completed the SCOPE curricula and pre- and post-program questionnaires regarding graduate school application knowledge, application confidence, stress, self-efficacy, and SCOPE program satisfaction. Mentors completed a training and questionnaires in one SCOPE cohort. Knowledge about the GRE, the application process, and application confidence increased, and stress decreased, following SCOPE. The result of this work is a portable mentoring program that can be used across disciplines and demographics to increase inclusivity and equality.     

Group-based intervention on attention and executive functions in the school context

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of a group-based behavioural, cognitive and skills training intervention (Maltti) provided in schools for elementary school pupils with attention and executive function (EF) deficits. The treatment effects were identified by comparing an intervention group (n = 46) with a waitlist control group (n = 26). Specific effects of the intervention on behavioural deficits in attention and EF in a classroom setting as well as on academic skills were examined. Our analysis indicated that significant intervention effects could be found in the behavioural manifestation of attentional and executive skills in the classroom setting among children (n = 30) who were evaluated as having moderate symptoms in the pre-intervention assessment. Positive effects of the intervention were also observed in arithmetic and reading skills. The severity level of pre-intervention attention and EF deficits did not moderate the results observed in the academic skills tests. The results of this study suggest that a combination of behavioural, cognitive and skills training methods applied in a school context can be effective in reducing attention and EF problems and enhancing the academic performance of children with attention and EF deficits.     

A school-based intervention on elementary students’ school engagement

Prior research has reported signs of low engagement in the early stages of schooling. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a school-based intervention that promotes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement in elementary school children through a story tool. The study followed a cluster-randomized design with 259 fourth graders nested in 12 classes; the classes, not the individuals, were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Both groups were assessed in four waves in two measures for each engagement dimension. Data were analyzed with a multilevel approach. Findings show that the intervention enhanced students’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement. Still, there is a delay before the intervention program exhibits a beneficial effect.Moreover, gender discrepancies were found. Before the intervention, girls showed higher cognitive and emotional engagement, but boys exhibited higher emotional engagement after the intervention. In addition, current results indicate that the program benefited the boys more than the girls. Finally, there was no evidence that the engagement outcomes differed depending on the parent’s educational level. Findings provide valuable information for future research and educational practice.     

趋同抑或求异:英国高等教育质量保障的过去与未来

博洛尼亚进程有力推动了欧洲高等教育一体化,英国积极参与欧洲高等教育区建设,在质量保障方面与其保持高度一致,促进了欧洲高等教育的趋同发展。本文通过历史分析发现,英国高等教育质量保障系统包含科研评估、教学评估和机构审核,兼具质量改进与问责的双重功能,且表现出竞争导向、风险为本的市场问责发展趋势。在脱欧背景下,英格兰新成立的学生办公室也是高等教育国家干预与市场问责的进一步结合,并非英国的"求异"发展。英国乃至欧洲高等教育区的质量保障机制面临着机构多样性与标准相似性的张力,并将受到消费者"众口难调"质量观的挑战。     

Adaptation and Pilot Testing of a Sexual Health Intervention for Female Survivors of Violence

Experiences of violence and behaviors that increase the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection are high among women in the United States, and they often intersect (Meyer, Springer, &; Altice, 2011 Meyer, J. P., Springer, S. A., &; Altice, F. L. (2011). Substance abuse, violence, and HIV in women: A literature review of the syndemic. Journal of Women's Health (2002), 20(7), 991–1006. doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2328[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Montgomery et al., 2015 Montgomery, B., Rompalo, A., Hughes, J., Wang, J., Haley, D., Soto-Torres, L., &; Hodder, S. (2015). Violence against women in selected areas of the united states.e1-e11. Am J Public Health, 105(10), 2156–2166 [Google Scholar]; World Health Organization (WHO), 2010 World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Addressing violence against women and HIV/AIDS: What works?. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. [Google Scholar]). However, there are few evidence-based HIV-prevention interventions that address the special needs and challenges faced by female survivors of violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC), 2017a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017a). Compendium of evidence-based interventions and best practices for HIV prevention. Atlanta, GA: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexual Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/research/interventionresearch/compendium/rr/index.html [Google Scholar]). To address this gap, we adapted and pilot-tested an existing evidence-based women-focused sexual risk-reduction intervention (The Future Is Ours) with 23 self-identified female survivors of violence. The intervention comprised eight-weekly, two-hour cognitive behavioral group sessions focusing on reducing sexual-risk and improving trauma-based coping skills. Using mixed-methods analyses, the adapted intervention was determined feasible and acceptable to participants, and preliminary results suggest that participation could reduce risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, testing on a larger scale is warranted.