农村空巢老人互济养老模式及可行性探讨

互济养老模式是在农村社区组织相对成熟的条件下,以居家养老为基本方式,利用社区力量组织、协调、监管养老过程并进行部分社区养老资源的配置,在60岁及以上空巢老人中按照实际身体状况和个人意愿,安排老人进行一对一互帮互助的一种用以解决空巢老人日常生活照料和情感慰籍两大难题的养老模式。互济式养老模式是社区养老具体形式之一,完备的养老模式必须以社区养老为基础,首先解决物质和经济方面的问题,其次介入互济式养老,提高老年人养老生活的质量,只有两者相互配合,才能最终实现和谐农村和小康生活的目标。     

论子女数量对家庭养老的影响

从当前的国情来看,家庭养老仍然是一种普遍采用、被广泛接受的社会保障模式。影响家庭养老质量的因素是多方面的,比如经济状况、子女性别差异、子女数量等。其中老人的子女数量是影响家庭养老质量的一个不可忽视的重要因素。     

建立老年人长期护理保险制度研究--以江苏省为例

人口老龄化是目前全世界共同面对的重大社会问题。因失能老人缺少适度的长期护理而产生的社会问题日趋严重。江苏省人口老龄化程度远高于全国水平,面临的情况更为严峻。建立长期护理保险制度是应对日益严重的人口老龄化问题的重要途径,也是推动养老服务事业改革创新的重要举措。江苏作为经济发达和老龄化程度较高的省份,应积极借鉴国内外老年人长期护理保险制度,在全国率先探索构建统一的长期护理养老保险制度,同时大力发展长期护理商业保险,培育护理产业市场,加快护理机构建设和护理专业人才的培养,为全国全面推行长期护理保险制度提供可资借鉴的江苏经验。     

陕西医疗机构公示语英语翻译的规范化研究——以陕西省6所医院为例

本文选取了陕西省6所医院的英语公示语语料,以林克难"看易写"原则和丁衡祁ABC模式(Adapt-Borrow-Create模仿-借用-创新)理论为指导,与在美国搜集的英语文本进行平行文本对比分析发现,存在着语法错误、忽视文化差异的翻译不当、拼写错误和汉语拼音与英语单词混合使用等不规范问题,并提出了医疗机构公示语的英语翻译建议。     

“中国式关心”背后隐藏的西方隐私文化

全球化使得中西跨文化交际日益广泛,中国人对西方人该如何表现出友好与适度的关心才能更加符合西方人的隐私文化?而当一系列典型的"中国式关心"的问题不自然地侵犯了西方人的隐私时,由此产生的文化休克与文化冲突使得文化交际者深思该用何种语言去完成跨文化交际才不至于造成不必要的尴尬和无礼。     

Decision-making in child protective services: Influences at multiple levels of the social ecology

Decision-making in the child protection system is influenced by multiple factors; agency and geographic contexts, caseworker attributes, and families’ unique circumstances all likely play a role. In this study, we use the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to explore how these factors are associated with two key case decisions—substantiation and removal to out-of-home care. Analyses are conducted using weighted hierarchical linear models. We find that substantiation is strongly influenced by agency factors, particularly constraints on service accessibility. Substantiation is less likely when agencies can provide services to unsubstantiated cases and when collaboration with other social institutions is high. This supports the concept that substantiation may be a gateway to services in some communities. Agency factors contributed less to the probability of removal among substantiated cases, though time resources and constraints on decision-making had some influence. For both substantiation and removal risks, county, caseworker, and child characteristics were less influential than agency characteristics and family risk factors.     

医疗保障转型中政府与市场的关系：以有管理的竞争理论为视角

政府与市场的关系作为医疗改革中的核心问题,随着各国医疗改革实践逐渐趋向于采取有管理竞争的方式,即实现政府与市场相结合的模式。医疗保障运行机制中,由政府制定严格规则,引入市场机制,增加医疗卫生资源和服务供给。同时政府对整个过程进行全面的监管,防止市场失灵,保障国民适度的医保权益,提升其健康水平。     

Care in academia: an exploration of student parents’ experiences

While student parents now represent a significant proportion of the higher education population in England, this group has been given limited consideration in policy circles. Using a social constructivist and feminist theoretical framework, this paper draws on a research project investigating the role of higher education policies in supporting student parents in England. It focuses on findings from 40 interviews conducted with student parents enrolled on university programmes. It shows that, in the context of the default construction of the university student as carefree, student parents often describe their experience of navigating academia as a struggle, in which time-related, financial, health and emotional problems prevail. However, the stories they tell also emphasise the benefits associated with their dual status. By doing so, they resist the discourse of deficit typically applied to ‘non traditional’ students and produce a counter-discourse that disturbs the long-lived binary opposition between care and academia.     

Behavior problems of children in foster care: Associations with foster mothers’ representations,commitment, and the quality of mother–child interaction

This study investigated different environmental and contextual factors associated with maltreated children's adjustment in foster care. Participants included 83 children (52 boys), ages 1–7 years, and their foster caregivers. Quality of interaction with the foster caregiver was assessed from direct observation of a free-play situation; foster caregiver attachment state of mind and commitment toward the child were assessed using two interviews; disruptive behavior symptoms were reported by foster caregivers. Results showed that quality of interaction between foster caregivers and children were associated with behavior problems, such that higher-quality interactions were related to fewer externalizing and internalizing problems. Foster caregivers’ state of mind and commitment were interrelated but not directly associated with behavior problems of foster children. Type of placement moderated the association between foster caregiver commitment and foster child behavior problems. Whereas greater foster caregiver commitment was associated with higher levels of adjustment for children in foster families (kin and non-kin), this was not the case in foster-to-adopt families. Finally, the associations between foster child behavior problems and history of maltreatment and placement related-risk conditions fell below significance after considering child age and quality of interaction with the foster caregiver. Findings underscore the crucial contribution of the foster caregiver–child relationship to fostering child adjustment and, thereby, have important implications for clinical services offered to this population.     

A mixed-methods evaluation of the experience of emerging young adult care partners

There is limited literature on emerging young adult (EYA) care partners, despite a recent rise in interest in this group. The purpose of this study is to compare EYA care partners and their non-care partner peers in the domains of academic achievement and engagement, employment, health-related behaviors and self-care, and mental health and respite, as well as to assess EYA care partners’ burden and potential for positive psychosocial sequelae and life changes as a result of their role. Further, within EYA care partners, we examine the relationship between mental health variables and care partner-relevant variables. Two hundred undergraduates (100 care partners and 100 non-care partners) completed measures of academic achievement and engagement (grade point average and credit load), employment (number of paid positions held and number of hours worked per week), health-related behavior/self-care (visits to the dentist, primary care physician, optometrist, diet healthfulness, exercise, cigarette smoking, and drinks per week) and mental health/respite (depression, anxiety, loneliness, drinking, social support, peer pressure, vacation recency, and frequency). Care partners completed measures of spiritual well-being, burden, meaning, and benefit-finding, as well as provided qualitative feedback on how caregiving changed their lives. EYA care partners and non-care partners did not differ on any variables examined except for the number of jobs held, as EYA care partners held more paid jobs than EYA non-care partners. EYA care partners showed moderate burden and high levels of finding meaning/benefit, the latter of which was supported by the themes that emerged from their qualitative data. Within EYA care partners, we found that depression and anxiety (mental health variables) were significantly related to spiritual well-being, burden, benefit finding, and finding meaning through caregiving (care partner-relevant variables). It is encouraging that the care partner and non-care partner groups were similar in domains critical for this age group, such as academic achievement and engagement.