实践美学视野中的“滑稽”与“幽默”

中国当代美学话语中,“喜剧性”,“滑稽”,“幽默”与西方差学方中的“comic”,“humour”并非是对等的,西方差学传统中多把“幽默”作为“comic”（喜剧或乾滑稽）之一种,而在实践美学的视野下,“滑稽”和“幽默”的内涵和界限得到比较清楚的厘定,并且被纳入实践美学的范畴序列之中。“幽默”所表现的是一种合规律性和合目的性,是人的实践活动的自由,而滑稽表现的则是一种不合规律性和夸大的目的性,是人的实践活动是不自由。     

The Artistic Characteristics of Great Expectations

The whole thesis is to study the delicate techniques of displaying arts and literature exercised by Dickens.Furthermore,the thesis is to guide readers to know about the wordings and humour of Dickens and appreciate the charm of Great Expectations through a large number of examples.     

Pupils’ humour directed at teachers: its types and functions

Based on an analysis of 137 texts written by pupils, this paper examines pupils’ humour directed at teachers, its types and social functions. The collected data are divided into three categories that describe different modes of teachers as targets of pupils’ humour. The first mode describes teachers as unintentionally comical, the second as duped by their pupils and the third as intentional users of humour. The analysis focuses on different functions that pupils’ humour directed at teachers fulfils in the social life of the classroom. The paper concludes by showing how key functions of social humour (such as creation of solidarity, negotiation of power and realisation of personal needs) are connected to the three modes of pupils’ humour directed at teachers.     

The case for mixed methodologies in researching the teacher’s use of humour in adult education

Inconsistencies within the literature result in teachers not having sufficient guidance to develop their humour use in support of learning without risking their professionalism. This article argues for more comprehensive evidence to guide teachers’ use of humour, based on mixed methodological approaches. The case is also made for the Interpersonal Communication Competence Model (ICCM) to be used as a consistent theoretical framework when researching teachers’ use of humour. A methodological literature review design is deployed to explore the conceptualisation, methodologies and situational factors within the selected research. The selected research is analysed in accordance with the ICCM’s five key concepts of motivation, knowledge, skills, outcomes and context. Comparisons are made against a depiction of humour based on the ICCM. The analysis reveals a diversity of conceptualisations of humour and different situational factors influencing teachers’ use of humour, and shows that findings conflict with ‘competent communication’. No research studies linked the various influencing factors together to provide all-embracing guidance for teachers. Studies based on mono-methodologies using qualitative or quantitative research designs only appear to provide the teacher with pieces of the jigsaw pertaining to humour use in teaching. Although mixed methodologies have their own design concerns, the author argues that they offer an opportunity to merge multiple situational factors to produce a more accurate representation of humour use within a teaching context. In conclusion, he proposes that future research utilises a mixed methodological approach along with the ICCM to capture supportive and contradictory perspectives of humour use.     

对历史理性精神的强烈呼唤——读汤吉夫《大学纪事》

《大学纪事》紧贴现实,对当前中国高校贪大求全的形式主义,不择手段的“申博”风的揭露和批判,其题材和主题都有一定的“时事性”。小说能将时事性与历史深度,将言说的勇气与叙事的精到,将问题的尖锐与美学的高度结合起来。这是一部以高扬的人文立场,以自觉的历史使命感和人格勇气,尖锐地进行社会现实批判的佳作。在长篇小说叙事艺术上,《大学纪事》也颇具特点,为当代中国长篇小说艺术提供了成功的范例。     

从合作原则分析手机短信

作为一种交流工具和娱乐方式,手机短信越来越受到人们的青睐。手机短信的流行归功于科技的发展,先进的科学技术给手机短信提供了一个快速发展的平台。手机短信语言不仅传达了各种各样的社会功能,还产生了幽默、委婉的效果,此外,还展示了语言的丰富性。文章从语用学尤其是合作原则的视角来研究手机短信,以更好地理解和欣赏手机短信语言。具体从合作原则角度来分析语用学是如何影响手机短信,进而影响交流的。     

从《远大前程》的人物塑造解读狄更斯的创作风格

《远大前程》是现实主义小说家狄更斯最后一部、也是最为重要的一部长篇小说。小说一方面揭露出资本主义社会里金钱腐蚀灵魂的众生面相,另一方面又对许多小人物进行了细致的刻画,作者把自己的心境准确地投射到这些人物身上,把自己的处世哲学以艺术手段转化在作品之中,这在很大程度上反映了狄更斯的人道主义思想和创作理念,也是他性格中梦想和现实双重性的显现。为我们更深层地理解作者的创作风格提供了很好的素材。     

略论马克·吐温、果戈理和鲁迅创作中的幽默

马克·吐温、果戈理和鲁迅作品创作风格的共同点是幽默。马克·吐温批判资本主义弊端时“婉而多讽”,果戈理则以幽默方式尽情戏谑俄国官僚集团与农奴主,而鲁迅的幽默不仅洋溢着战斗的激情,而且还注入其对中华民族命运的深沉思索。