低维非晶态硅酸盐材料的粒度和粘度分析

本文对在低温下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的低维非晶态硅酸盐材料进行粒度和粘度测定,分析样品中的SiO2含量与其粒度和粘度之间的关系,探究SiO2含量不同的样品其性质发生规律变化的机理。从而为溶胶-凝胶法制备硅酸盐波相材料的研究提供信息。     

Small Circles: Mobile Telephony and the Cultivation of the Private Sphere

This article examines how we use mobile telephony to maintain our physically and socially closest social circle. The analysis is based on traffic data gathered from Norway using approximately 24 million calls and texts made by private individuals. Previous research has shown that our temporal and spatial movement is highly predictable and that the majority of calls and text messages are sent to only four to six different persons. This article extends this research by examining both tie strength and the distance between the interlocutors in urban and rural settings. The findings show that even as information and communication technologies (ICTs) potentially put the world at our fingertips, the mobile phone is an instrument of a more limited geographical and social sphere. Approximately two-thirds of our calls/texts go to strong ties that are within a 25-km radius.     

嵌入式系统亚稳态高阶扩散模糊决策能耗管理

嵌入式系统最优能耗敏捷管理技术是解决广泛应用下系统能耗制约的关键。传统的系统能耗敏捷管理方法采用基于双基准态稳定下的判决思想,对固定的稳态和固定的非稳态进行低阶扩散研究,受限于低阶扩散特性对于系统高阶风险管理的片面性,无法实现最优敏捷管理。提出一种基于亚稳态高阶扩散模糊决策的最优嵌入式系统能耗敏捷管理设计,采用亚稳态下的高阶扩散特性,对嵌入式系统亚稳态下的实际特性进行描述分析,采用亚稳态描述符判断中间量,然后基于模糊决策思想,对亚稳态高阶扩散进行模糊向量积分,得到模糊决策,并将模糊决策结果应用于能耗管理,实现最优能耗敏捷管理。最后采用实际的嵌入式系统进行最优化系统能耗敏捷管理测试实验,结果表明,该方法的嵌入式系统在各种风险态下的能耗管理均优于传统方法,能耗平均节约37%,对于系统能耗管理具有很好的指导意义。     

大脑是如何处理信息的——神经元及其模型的计算阐释

神经元作为神经系统的基本单元,提供了人类认知的基本信息功能处理机制。文章通过对神经元及其模型进行计算分析,指出了神经元内离子对刺激信息的反应,在此基础上阐释了误差驱动任务学习与BP学习法,最后文章对神经元的计算启示给出了解读。文章表明,脑认知是动态的表征,其非线性地处理认知现象,并指出计算神经科学在解读大脑处理信息上正在尝试突破,具有重要的研究意义和价值。     

Understanding information diffusion with psychological field dynamic

Several approaches focus on how to automatically capture the latent features from original diffusion data and predict the future scale of cascades utilizing a black box framework. However, they ignore the penetrating insight into the underlying mechanism that how each participant is involved in the cascade. In this work, we bridge the gap between prediction and understanding of information diffusion by incorporating deep learning techniques and social psychology. To characterize individual participation driven by both subjective and objective impetus and integrate it into the macro-level cascade, we propose an end-to-end model, named PFDID, which is designed based on the field dynamics theory of psychology, including the intrinsic cognition field and the extrinsic environment field. We represent these two field dynamics respectively with the pairwise semantic relation between the message itself and corresponding comment and the forwarder’s micro-community activity embedding to provide educated explanations for forwarding behaviour. Afterwards, the cross infusion mechanism is designed to calculate the mutual influence of inhomogeneous field dynamics inside users and cross influence of homogeneous field dynamics among individuals, whose output is fed into the diffusion network aggregation layer for the cascade size prediction. Extensive experiments on two typical social networks, Sina Weibo and Twitter, manifest that the proposed PFDID outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Our model achieves excellent prediction results, with MSLE = 1.856 on Sina Weibo and MSLE = 1.962 on Twitter, providing 6.54% and 10.53% relative performance gains, respectively. Furthermore, the interpretability is also discussed based on detailed visualization. We observe that the psychological impetus behind social behaviour varies mainly following two patterns with the spread of information, including gradual change and joint influence. Additionally, the indirect dependencies have also been verified.     

直辖市“双一流”高校专利合作与知识流动研究

考察我国直辖市"双一流"高校的专利合作网络演化,为提升直辖市的科技创新合作效率,提升科技创新能力和城市创新综合竞争力,为技术创新主体选择技术合作伙伴、探究地区间、高校间知识流动提供经验、启示。本文运用合作强度Salton指数、专利引用、绝对合作频次等,以Patentics和国家知识产权局专利数据库为工具,获取直辖市"双一流"高校合作专利数据,构建高校间的专利合作矩阵,采用合作网络可视化分析,梳理直辖市"双一流"高校专利合作网络,揭示网络环境下高校科技创新和知识流动的特征及趋势,给出提升高校专利合作的建议。结果表明:直辖市"双一流"高校校际专利合作的强同城倾向,清华大学、北京大学、复旦大学是京沪两地的专利合作核心高校。清华大学、上海交通大学、天津大学专利申请量居前三,清华大学、上海交通大学的专利被引量居前,清华大学、上海交通大学、天津大学为专利合作的核心高校,对知识流动影响深刻。不足之处在于专利只能部分反映高校间的技术创新合作,合作申请只是技术合作的一部分,还包括科技论文合作和成果转化。     

空气阴极法制备过氧化氢用的电解槽

报道折流式降膜型空气阴极电解槽的结构和操作方法.该电解槽用于制备过氧化氢的试验结果表明:电解槽的阴极电流密度可达400～500A/m~2,槽电压为2.0～2.5V,电流效率为80％.     

河北粮食生产安全问题与生产景气循环研究

本文阐述了粮食生产气循环指标的设计原则，景气指标即扩散指数的设计和计算方法，以此为基础设计了河北省的粮食生产景气循环指标体系，并对河北省粮食生产安全和景气循环问题进行了实证分析和研究。最后，提出了粮食生产安全发展的对策。     

习惯性或忠诚性购买行为下的新产品扩散

消费者习惯性或忠诚性购买行为对新产品扩散有阻滞作用，从而影响Bass模型在非垄断情况下的应用。在一定条件下通过构建反映这种行为的顾客期望状态转移矩阵，利用惯性系数对Bass宏观创新采用概率做出修正，得出了惯性购买行为下的新产品扩散模型。     

一种由需求驱动的信息技术创新与扩散政策生成体系

分析了信息技术创新扩散的因果关系。认为 ,IT市场的信息不完全性、市场结构、信息技术网络外特性 ,是决定信息技术创新扩散的原因。针对传统的、单一的以信息技术R&D为目标的IT政策 ,或单一的面向扩散的信息技术政策 ;提出了一种由信息技术市场需求驱动的、协调信息技术供应商、信息技术潜在接受者、信息技术政策决策者关系的IT政策产生系统及其输出 ,其目的在于调节信息技术扩散速率 ,使其达到Pareto意义下的最优扩散路径 ,并详细地分析了该信息技术政策体系的结构与原理。