英语语言测试的批判理论分析

本文根据批判理论的观点对英语测试,特别是美国TOEFL和英国IELTS进行了历史回顾和现状分析,结果表明:影响英语测试的因素除语言学、语言教学和语言测试理论外,也受到社会政治和经济因素的制约。国外外语测试都是在一定的历史背景下发展起来的,都有其特定的历史条件和社会需求。     

从语言测试学角度分析CET写作能力实质

在目前广大师生对于大学英语作文部分的要求和评分体系缺乏清楚认识的前提下,本文从语言测试学的角度展示CET作文的基本要求和大学英语写作能力的实质及构成要素,对于大学英语写作教学尤其是作文的整体质量的提高有积极的推动作用。     

偏心螺旋传动试验台的研制及应用

偏心螺旋传动试验台是一种新型的螺旋传动试验台,有其独特的传动原理、结构、试验方法及其应用。     

有机化学实验考核方法的改革和探索

通过对传统有机化学实验考核方法弊端的分析,阐述了改革传统考核方法的必要性,建立了新的考核方法,设计了有机化学实验考核评估指标体系,并将评估指标转化为可操作的教学行为,促进了教与学,做到了全方位、客观地评价学生的实验课成绩。     

The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

The beginning of decoding

It is widely agreed that children recognize their first words in a different way than they later decode. One hypothesis is that sight words are recognized as wholes, another that they are recognized by parts. Two experiments were devised to compare these hypotheses. In one, children were taught a sight word accompanied by a salient extraneous cue and then tested for recognition of the word and the cue. In the other, children were taught sight words, then tested for recognition of each half of the word. The children were found to recognize the cue but not the word; they recognized one half of the word but not the other. The results support the idea that first words are recognized by selective association.     

运化三元能量程度不同者的智力比较研究

为了探索元极学在实际中的应用,采用智力测验方法,对学习元极学的深浅程度不同者进行了测试和研究,结果表明,学习元极学对开发智力的某些方面如记忆、动作协调、注意分配等有一定作用,学习的程度越深,对智力的开发越大。     

机载无线电设备检测系统硬件设计方案

为了保障机载无线电设备的正常工作，完成对机载无线电设备进行定期检测和维修，我们提出了机载无线电设备测试系统的一种优化设计，配合软件系统以后，使大部分信号分析比较，以及对输入信号，电源控制等方面充分实现智能化，本文主要介绍了用Protel99来实现此机载无线电设备综合检测系统的硬件设计方案以及基本设计框图。     

市场竞争与创新:熊彼特假说及其实证检验

熊彼特认为垄断有助于创新的实现，这一假说对经济学家和政策制定者产生了巨大的影响。本文对该假说的涵义进行梳理，介绍已有的实证检验结果，并结合我国工业实际情况对熊彼特的观点进行实证检验。研究表明，竞争，而不是垄断，更有助于创新。