Restorative Practice in New Zealand Schools: Social development through relational justice

This article proposes that restorative justice practices (RJPs), as used in New Zealand schools, are better understood as an instrument of social development than a behaviour management practice. Concerns about the achievement of Māori students are relocated, from an individualised psychological and pedagogical problem to an interdisciplinary context of historical and social development. Social constructionist theory is suggested as a lens through which RJPs in schools may be seen as the intentional production of respectful social relationships, rather than as behaviour management. A restorative process has the productive capacity to restore healthy relational functioning, both for those who have been offended against and those who have offended. It is argued that the primary function of restorative justice in schools is not about resolving specific conflicts, but rather, about the production and maintenance of respectful relationship, which is the antithesis of colonised relationship. Such a position reflects accountability on a communal, rather than individualised basis, and accords with recent moves in the United Nations Development Programme to look at Human Development as building agentive capacity.     

Community differences in the implementation of Strong Communities for Children

In 1993, the U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect recommended a neighborhood-based strategy to prevent child abuse and neglect. The Board further recommended the development of Prevention Zones to allow for testing of the effectiveness of community-wide child protection efforts in neighborhoods of differing population density, ethnic and cultural composition, and social and economic resources. Following the Board's recommendation, this article presents the results of a trial of the effectiveness of a neighborhood-based strategy in low- and high-resource communities. Using management, survey, and administrative data, the research showed that both community types experienced declines in founded cases of and injuries suggesting child maltreatment for children under age 5. Low-resource communities experienced greater levels of mobilization, as measured by community and institutional engagement, and a greater number of positive outcomes related to changes in the quality of life for families and community norms relative to child and family well-being. In particular, the low-resource communities experienced the largest increases in receiving help from neighbors, neighboring, perceived household safety for neighborhood children, and observed positive parenting. High-resource communities experienced greater increases in intermediate outcomes related to self-reported parenting practices. The findings suggest that, ultimately, community mobilization can occur and be an effective means of preventing child maltreatment across community types. It appears, however, that community mobilization may play a more significant role in low-resource communities.     

现代大学制度重构:公共性、公益性、私益性的冲突与整合

现代社会知识已经渗透到社会生产和生活的各个方面,作为知识生产、传播和应用的高等教育,已经从社会边缘进入社会中心,使得高等教育的公共性、公益性与私益性发生了新的变化,这些变化反过来又影响高到等教育的发展:公共性的增强提升了高等教育的地位和影响力,挑战着大学的传统与精神;公益性的增强使得社会更为关注高等教育公平;而私益性的增强则使高等教育成本分担日趋复杂化。现代大学制度重构需要从高等教育社会产品的生产、分配与消费去思考大学制度的逻辑框架。     

‘When words don't come easily’: personal narratives from adolescents experiencing shyness as an emotional and behavioural problem in the school context

The purpose of this article is to present narratives from 15 adolescents experiencing shy behaviour as an emotional and behavioural problem in the school context in light of narrative understanding. The investigation is intended to generate knowledge about this largely under‐researched phenomenon based on the personal accounts of those who are actually experiencing it. Their narratives are the foundation for a discussion regarding implications for future practice in the context of school in relation to this group.     

The construction of women’s social spaces through physical exercise in urban China

Abstract

By applying feminist geographical theories and qualitative research methods, this article reveals Chinese women’s exercise experiences in urban spaces and discusses how women, through physical activity in neighbourhoods, public places and commercial facilities, constructed social spaces of their own. The findings show that exercise spaces are potentially sites for women’s health, well-being, social networking and collective empowerment. They challenge traditional gendered urban spaces by deconstructing the dual structure of ‘public’ and ‘private’ spheres, inducing women to gradually shift from the ‘edge’ to the ‘centre’. Though the spatial differences in women’s physical activities reflect the diversity and dynamics of women’s spatialities, they also imply the continuous social powers on women in exercise fields, where gendered disparities and class stratification may be sustained.     

社会体育指导员岗位素质应然与实然的调查研究

社会体育指导员作为社会体育发展的主要力量,提升自身的岗位素质成为社会体育指导员健身指导水平的保障。论文主要采用文献资料法、访谈法与问卷调查法,对社会体育指导员应有和实有的品质能力、技能能力、行为能力进行调查,研究认为,社会体育指导员的“应然”岗位素质均得到认可,而“实然”的岗位素质掌握程度不够理想,智能化设备使用能力成为短板,研究能为社会体育指导员在岗位上所应具备的岗位素质提供借鉴。     

课外活动对大学生动手和社交能力的影响探究

当代大学生的动手能力和社会交际能力普遍需要提高。本文采用问卷调查的形式,对本地大学生课外活动开展情况进行了调查,探索了现阶段的课外活动开展对大学生造成了什么样的影响及如何更好的开展课外活动,并对如何提升大学生动手能力和社会交际能力提出了有用的建议和措施。     

The Development and Evaluation of the Intersectional Privilege Screening Inventory for Use With Counselors-in-Training

As counselor preparation programs are compelled to demonstrate student social and cultural competence, valid inventories are needed to measure development consistent with contemporary standards. The Intersectional Privilege Screening Inventory was created for this purpose, was assessed using 4 types of validity evidence, and has results supporting its use in student development.     

‘They think that if you're a teacher here … you're not clever enough to be a proper teacher’: the courtesy stigma experienced by teachers employed at schools for pupils with behavioural,emotional and social difficulties (BESD)

A wealth of literature has identified that children with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) and their families are frequently stigmatised due to the perceived controllable and ‘invisible’ nature of this special educational need (SEN). Yet little research has considered the impact of this stigma on another group of individuals, educational practitioners employed in BESD schools. This is despite these professionals working in close contact with pupils with BESD, a heavily stigmatised group, on a regular basis. This paper therefore, details a study which explored perceptions of stigma specifically with educational professionals employed in schools for pupils with BESD. Semi‐structured interviews with nine practitioners (including head teachers and class teachers with additional responsibilities) were conducted, all of whom had worked within the BESD sector for at least 10 years, with data being analysed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings revealed how educational practitioners employed in BESD schools experienced courtesy stigma, with many not being perceived as ‘proper’ teachers due to a discourse of care surrounding BESD. Other professionals reported much confusion from their mainstream colleagues and other individuals about how they could want to work with such ‘challenging’ pupils. This courtesy stigma was linked to the wider stigma surrounding BESD schools, which were often ignorantly perceived to be full of ‘bad boys’ or ‘absolute horrors’. This paper concludes by considering the implications of these findings for policy and practice, and provides recommendations for addressing the identified stigma towards practitioners employed in BESD schools.     

党在提高社会管理科学化水平中的主导作用

2011年2月19日胡锦涛在省部级主要领导干部社会管理及其创新专题研讨班开班式上明确提出了＂提高社会管理科学化水平＂的重大命题。党作为社会的领导者,通过主导政策探索、管理格局、党群关系、基层基础、社会组织、虚拟社会、核心价值,事实上在创新社会管理、提高社会管理科学化水平中发挥着主导性作用。