Book Reviews

During the 40-odd years that the Alsatian-born, French-trained artist Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg lived in Britain, he became a triple celebrity. A decade after his migration to Britain in 1771 his achievements as a picturesque landscape artist were celebrated in election to the Royal Academy. During the same period he also worked for David Garrick at Drury Lane theatre as the highest-paid scenographer in Britain. Critics hailed him as a genius for revolutionizing Britain's dull staging traditions along the spectacular and naturalistic lines of France's Giovanni Servandoni. Finally, as the creator in 1781–82 of a pioneering commercial moving picture show, the Eidophusikon, he was acclaimed by leading arbiters of artistic taste such as Reynolds and Gainsborough. Well-heeled West End crowds flocked to performances, and the Eidophusikon was widely imitated in Europe, the United States, and the British colonies.

Yet de Loutherbourg's professional and social standing remained surprisingly fragile. At periodic intervals he was accused publicly of charlatanry, or its British equivalent, quackery. This damaging smear surfaced on each of the three occasions that de Loutherbourg shifted career direction. And though he managed to redeem himself on each occasion, it was only by making serious artistic and professional compromises. In this sense, the spectre of quackery haunted and shaped Philippe de Loutherbourg's British career, making him a fascinating test-case of quackery's shifting valencies at the dawn of the modern industrial age.     

Politics,Pauperism and Power in Late Nineteenth Century Ireland. By Virginia Crossman.

ABSTRACT

Food and military identity were inextricably linked in the British Army: rations were a thrice daily indicator of the men's separation from their civilian selves. The soldiers were what they ate, but they were also where and how they ate; the grubby rapacity of the barrack dining hall, the absence of civilizing cutlery and the unfamiliar food delineated their new role as clearly as any uniform. Institutional feeding facilitated the erasure of self, an unhelpful attribute in the military world. Men's accounts indicate the conflict between their appetites and what they all too often regarded as oppression in a dietary form.     

我国转型期农民政治认同的弱化倾向探析

政治认同与政治合法性和政治稳定密切相关.对处于社会转型期的国家来说,执政党能否成功领导并实现现代化,农民的政治认同起着至关重要的作用.改革开放以来,我国农民的政治认同程度较高,维系着社会的稳定和发展,但同时也存在着弱化倾向.这种弱化倾向在行为上表现为不合作与疏离、维权抗争、越轨、自暴自弃,并表现出与我国民主政治进程相关的特征.弱化倾向产生的原因在于农民在社会公正观念支配下产生了被剥夺感、被歧视感、被抛弃感和挫折感.     

试论政策执行中的政策认同

政策认同在政策执行过程中具有极为重要的作用,政策认同障碍是导致政策规避的重要心理原因.要强化政策对象对政策的认同和支持,顺利实现政策目标,就必须加强政策教化,注重沟通,协调利益,奖惩相济,改进与政策对象的互动方式,充分发挥政策对象在政策执行中的积极性.     

When digitalized customers meet digitalized services: A digitalized social cognitive perspective of omnichannel service usage

With the prevalence of digital technologies, various services have grown digitalized. Specific to the marketing section, multichannel has been gradually replaced by omnichannel, which aims to integrate all the physical and digital channels tightly. Although omnichannel has received considerable attention, there is still a dearth of research that theorizes the multi-faceted impacts of digitalization on omnichannel. This study thus extends social cognitive theory (SCT) to the digitalized context and contextualizes the digitalized customer and digitalized environment as mobile identity and channel integration quality, respectively. Moreover, based on the self-regulation process of human agency, we incorporate omnichannel self-efficacy, satisfaction, and habit as the agentic factors to interpret a customer’s conscious (ability and expectancy beliefs) and unconscious (automatic behavioral tendency) decision-making under the omnichannel setting. Through an online survey of 401 omnichannel customers, we find support for all the proposed hypotheses. Implications and limitations of this study are further discussed.     

National Sporting Pastimes,Spectacles of Sporting Otherness and American Imaginings, 1880–1920

This discussion focuses on how the rise of America's national sporting pastimes, during the period 1880–1920, was inextricably tied to the ambitions and outpourings of American print capitalism and a concomitant congealing of a sense of modern American nationhood. In examining this thematic, we explicate the manner in which American national sporting audiences during the period 1880–1920 were variously constituted through discourses of national and ethnic sporting difference or Otherness. Hence, we examine the popular representation of turn of the century rodeo practices (as narrated through the spectacle of the western showman William Frederick ‘Buffalo Bill’ Cody's Wild West show productions), the position of early-twentieth-century American baseball in relation to other sporting cultures (graphically depicted by Albert Goodwill, or A.G., Spalding's promotional publications, specifically the 1911 America's National Game) and the national and ethnic differences discerned within the global sporting landscape more generally (explicated within the 1919 National Geographic article ‘The Geography of Games’). These performances and representations of ethnic and national sporting Otherness played an important role in re-inscribing and legitimating the (White European American) normative core of American sport culture (as manifest within and through the dominant practices of playing and/or spectating of football, baseball and basketball).     

社区草根体育组织:生存境遇及未来发展

基于学理层面和现实背景对社区草根体育组织的产生、生存境遇及发展进行探讨。研究认为,社区草根体育组织的生成和发展的背后,是中国公民社会的发展壮大、社会活动自组织能力的提升和城市社会体育管理体制改革实践的必然结果。同时,中国草根体育组织面临社会合法性与法律合法性冲突,生存在体制默许的边缘地带。从中国的"权威主义"政治体制出发,提出"行政吸纳"的政策建议。     

自我、体育与社会:论符号互动理论在体育研究中的应用

论述了符号互动理论的产生与演进及其对体育社会学研究的影响,对自我与身份认同、社会互动以及传媒领域中体育权力与斗争等问题进行了分析。结果表明,符号互动理论在体育社会学和心理学的研究中依旧发挥着重要作用。     

Am I a teacher? How educare givers in Taiwan construct their professional identity during socialisation into public preschools

A new job position, “educare giver,” which was created after kindergartens and preschools in Taiwan were integrated in 2012, has caused several problems such as ambiguity in the role of childcare givers and inequity in the division of labour. Studies have provided a limited scope and have not examined the identities and struggles of educare givers at the individual and organisational levels. This study investigated the effect of contextual factors on the professional identities of educare givers during their socialisation. The researchers adopted a qualitative research design and conducted in-depth interviews with 20 educare givers at public preschools. The findings reveal that educare giver identities are those as teachers, labourers, and teaching and administrative assistants. Contextual factors that affect the construction of their identities at the three stages of their socialisation are information channels, educational background, the recruitment process, titles, the attitudes of stakeholders, and job assignments.