Movement and stretching imagery during flexibility training

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of movement and stretching imagery on increases in flexibility. Thirty volunteers took part in a 4 week flexibility training programme. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) movement imagery, where participants imagined moving the limb they were stretching; (2) stretching imagery, where participants imagined the physiological processes involved in stretching the muscle; and (3) control, where participants did not engage in mental imagery. Active and passive range of motion around the hip was assessed before and after the programme. Participants provided specific ratings of vividness and comfort throughout the programme. Results showed significant increases in flexibility over time, but no differences between the three groups. A significant relationship was found, however, between improved flexibility and vividness ratings in the movement imagery group. Furthermore, both imagery groups scored significantly higher than the control group on levels of comfort, with the movement imagery group also scoring significantly higher than the stretching imagery group. We conclude that the imagery had stronger psychological than physiological effects, but that there is potential for enhancing physiological effects by maximizing imagery vividness, particularly for movement imagery.     

想象训练研究现状的分析

本文采用文献资料法对近十年刊载在中美四种主要期刊上的想象训练研究报告作了分析。结果表明想象训练正在从有效性研究向过程变量研究深化 ,研究面也由简单技术向复杂技术扩展 ,指出了目前复杂技术研究明显不足 ,还指出了基础理论在过程变量控制方面的研究严重滞后 ,在一定程度上影响了想象训练研究的进一步深化。本文为想象训练的研究和应用提供了有益的综合信息。     

应用表象训练对分立运动技能学习与保持的实验研究——以背向滑步推铅球和挺身式跳远为例

将表象训练运用于田径分立运动技能教学实践中,结果表明:在田径分立运动技能的教学中,运用表象训练可以促进运动技能的形成与保持,提高教学质量与效果;可最大限度地发挥学生的主观能动性,调动学生的学习兴趣,激发有效的学习动机;可以缓解学生的状态焦虑水平,增强自信心,有利于学生在技能表现中充分发挥自己的表象能力.     

论莫友芝诗歌意境的美学特征

莫友芝的诗歌创作内容丰富,风格多变,艺术手法灵活,注重炼意炼字,意浓情真,创造了众多的美妙意境,韵味无穷.莫诗意境的审美特征突出表现在虚实相生的取境美、意与境浑的情性美和深邃悠远的韵味美三个方面.     

艾略特诗歌复杂性和多样性根源探究

本文通过把艾略特对但丁诗歌的阐释性评述与艾略特诗歌《荒原》并读的方式 ,从两个方面认识和探究艾略特诗歌复杂性和多样性的根源 :其一 ,艾略特诗歌中频繁的引经据典和多种文字的交织目的是构筑人类文化精神家园的基石 ;其二 ,艾略特诗歌的复杂性和多样性是与代表中世纪思维的寓象方法有关     

艾米莉·狄金森诗歌世界探微

作为美国诗歌史上唯一可同华尔特·惠特曼相媲美的伟大诗人,狄金森的诗歌以想象丰富,意象奇特、艺术表现形式多种多样著称。从狄金森诗歌意象涉及最多的自然、情感、宗教入手,寻找其诗歌灵魂的吉光片羽,探寻这个敏感与敏锐的女诗人之魂。     

我国制度建设大背景下的传统武术发展

现阶段我国进入了制度建设的关键时期,＂以人为本＂、＂建设和谐社会＂、＂科学发展观＂和＂可持续发展＂的指导思想为各行业、各学科的发展奠定了理论基础,也将为新时期传统武术的发展指明方向。文章的研究目的旨在＂与时俱进＂地分析出时代对武术的要求,以及分析武术与时代的脱节之处,为传统武术更好发展开拓思路。文章以专家访谈法、文献资料法、调查法等研究方法为主要研究方法。通过研究发现加强传统武术自身项目挖掘,突出＂技击＂的根本特性,增强文化教育和传播,扩宽交流渠道和层面,在国家管理部门指导下走拳种独立自主发展之路,大力发展传统武术的商业化开发,有效实施继承与发展战略,明确继承与发展的关系,促进传统武术文化的发展以及与国内文化发展和世界文化的交融才能使传统武术在我国制度建设进程中更加枝繁叶茂、发扬光大。     

表象训练提高大学生竞技武术套路竞赛能力的研究

以表象训练的方法作为理论基础,以山西中医学院参加民族传统体育项目的大学生集训队作为研究对象。通过文献研究、竞赛状态焦虑问卷调查和训练实验,对表象训练实验前后的问卷数据和比赛后的得分进行统计分析。结果表明,表象训练能够提高大学生中低等难度武术套路的比赛能力,有效降低大学生的认知躯体状态焦虑水平和躯体状态焦虑水平,并显著提高状态自信心,有助于大学生在武术套路比赛中较为稳定的发挥。表象训练是提升大学生武术套路训练和比赛能力的重要手段。     

Self-efficacy and imagery use in older adult exercisers

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and imagery use in older male (n = 40) and female (n = 52) exercisers. Participants’ self-efficacy was evaluated using the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Exercisers, and their use of imagery was evaluated using the Exercise Imagery Questionnaire. Results revealed that older adult exercisers were most efficacious in terms of the task, followed by scheduling physical activity into their daily routines, and finally overcoming barriers related to physical activity. Older adult exercisers also reported using appearance and technique imagery to much the same extent, but used both significantly more than energy imagery. In addition, energy imagery predicted task self-efficacy but none of the three functions of imagery predicted barrier and scheduling self-efficacy.     

Incongruity in News Headings

In the rapidly changing news market, quality newspapers are searching for ways to combine established journalistic practices with attractive presentation of their newsprint. On internet news sites, attention-getting headlines are even more important in obtaining readership. This paper investigates the role of incongruity in selection of headings, and recall, recognition, and appreciation of selected news items. In Experiment 1, headlines were written on three incongruity levels: straightforward, ambiguous (trope), or stylistically deviant (scheme). In Experiment 2, news headlines were accompanied by either consistent or inconsistent photographs. Results of both experiments showed that heading incongruity enhanced information processing of news items.