Size–strength relationships of the elbow flexors and extensors are not affected by age or gender

Abstract

In the present study, we examined the relationships between muscle volume and joint torque for the elbow flexors and extensors in young and elderly individuals, with the aim of evaluating age effects on these relationships. The participants were 45 young (27 men and 18 women aged 20–37 years) and 51 elderly (19 men and 32 women aged 60–77 years) individuals. The joint torques developed during isometric maximal voluntary elbow flexion and extension were measured using a torque meter. The muscle volumes of the elbow flexors and extensors were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. For the elbow flexors, joint torque was significantly correlated with muscle volume in both young and elderly individuals (r=0.564–0.872). There were also significant correlations between muscle volume and joint torque for the elbow extensors in elderly men and women as well as in young men and women (r=0.715–0.826). None of the y-intercepts of the regression lines between muscle volume and joint torque were significantly different from zero. Furthermore, no significant age or gender effects on the joint torque per muscle volume of the elbow flexors and extensors were observed. The present results suggest that muscle volume is a main determinant of joint torque regardless of age and gender, for both muscle groups.     

Mid-wave Infrared Reflectography and Thermography for the Study of Ancient Books: A Review

ABSTRACT

In this paper an overview of recent applications of mid-wave infrared imaging techniques to the study of books is presented. Studies performed by thermography and mid-wave infrared reflectography are reviewed to demonstrate how they can be used to investigate the main features of books. The capability of these techniques is exploited in the analysis of structural elements of the bookbindings and writing supports as well as in the characterization of the writings and illuminations. Thermographic and reflectographic results are compared with results obtained using other imaging techniques operating in different spectral regions, thus pointing out how mid-wave infrared imaging techniques can help in examining many aspects of books. Finally, it is shown that the obtained information can also be used to evaluate the condition of the book and, when required, to properly plan conservation treatments.     

多基线SAR三维成像的QR分解算法

根据多基线合成孔径雷达(SAR)三维成像的信号模型,得到了利用高度向观测数据实现目标三维成像的矩阵方程,并引入QR分解算法求解矩阵方程,形成了多基线SAR三维成像的QR分解算法.使用该算法对多基线SAR仿真数据进行了三维成像实验.     

基于俯仰角压缩的阵列天线合成孔径雷达三维成像算法

从阵列天线合成孔径雷达(SAR)的信号模型出发,提出了一种基于俯仰角压缩的阵列天线SAR三维成像算法,解决了阵列天线SAR中存在的距离单元徙动项的校正问题,从俯仰角压缩的角度分析了阵列天线SAR的三维成像原理.通过计算机仿真验证了信号模型和三维成像算法的有效性.     

基于CUDA的阈值迭代算法并行实现

利用CUDA编程在GPU平台设计并行实现阈值的迭代算法,并应用于稀疏微波成像. 仿真实验结果表明,在正确重建信号的前提下,相对于常规的CPU串行计算,采用GPU并行处理能加快运算,提高成像速度.     

田径运动员形态选材指标及方法的研究进展

随着现代生活水平日益提高,营养条件逐渐加强,人们身体形态和身体素质也逐步发生较大改变,由于训练水平的不断发展和提高,田径运动员身材较过去相比愈加日趋高大化,与此同时,人们对田径运动员形态选材的指标和方法的研究也取得了相应的发展。对于田径运动员形态选材指标及方法的研究,在中国具有＂起步晚,发展快＂的特点,已具备较雄厚理论研究的基础。随着三维人体扫描仪在运动员形态选材中应用的研究,田径运动员形态选材指标将更加完整、准确和便于科学统计和管理。而影像技术的发展推动了田径运动员形态选材逐步进入肌肉形态研究阶段。     

Measuring in-plane micro-motion of micro-structure using optical flow

Optical flow method is one of the most important methods of analyzing motion images.Optical flow field is used to analyze characteristics of motion objects.According to motion features of micro-electronic mechanical system(MEMS)micro-structure,the optical algorithm based on label field and neighborhood optimization is presented to analyze the in-plane micro-motion of micro-structure.Firstly,high speed motion states for each frequency segment of micro-structure in cyclic motion are frozen based on stroboscopic principle.Thus a series of image sequences,and can obtain reliable and precise optical field and reduce computing time.As micro-resonator of urement precision of the presented algorithm is high,and measurement repeatability reaches 40 am under the same experiment condition.     

合成孔径声呐技术研究进展

合成孔径声呐是一种高分辨率水下成像技术。该技术是基于小孔径基阵及其运动形成等效的大孔径,通过合成的大孔径波束形成过程,实现高分辨率成像。文章介绍了合成孔径声呐原理、特点、科学技术问题以及发展过程,分析了国内外合成孔径声呐研究的最新进展情况,并展望了合成孔径声呐的发展趋势。     

钛合金环焊缝X射线双壁透照实时成像技术研究

X射线实时成像检测系统具有实时、动态和连续地从各个角度对试件进行检测的优点,在各个领域焊接检验方面已有广泛的应用,本文通过对钛合金环焊缝上双壁透照的试验,验证了壁厚δ≤30mm的钛合金环焊缝在采取一定的屏蔽措施后,可以采用X射线双壁透照实时成像试验,壁厚δ>30mm的钛合金环焊缝不宜采用X射线双壁透照实时成像试验.     

Visually constructing the chemical structure of a single molecule by scanning Raman picoscopy

The strong spatial confinement of a nanocavity plasmonic field has made it possible to visualize the inner structure of a single molecule and even to distinguish its vibrational modes in real space. With such ever-improved spatial resolution, it is anticipated that full vibrational imaging of a molecule could be achieved to reveal molecular structural details. Here we demonstrate full Raman images of individual vibrational modes at the ångström level for a single Mg-porphine molecule, revealing distinct characteristics of each vibrational mode in real space. Furthermore, by exploiting the underlying interference effect and Raman fingerprint database, we propose a new methodology for structural determination, which we have called ‘scanning Raman picoscopy’, to show how such ultrahigh-resolution spectromicroscopic vibrational images can be used to visually assemble the chemical structure of a single molecule through a simple Lego-like building process.