课程学习自我测试平台的创新设计与开发——以《数字影像技术》测试平台开发为例

《数字影像技术》测试平台是专用于数字影像技术课程的测评系统。该平台运用以学生为中心的设计理念对平台体系结构、功能模块、试卷进行设计,采用丰富交互联网应用技术进行开发,旨在通过自我测试促进学生自学意识的提高,促进学生自学能力的提升,促进学生摄影知识的掌握和摄影能力的提高。     

数字热成像中噪点信息矢量量化算法

对数字热成像的噪点信息矢量量化是实现图像去噪,提高图像识别能力的关键技术。传统方法中对数字热成像中噪点信息矢量量化算法采用LBG算法,当图像出现灰色关联度噪点时,量化算法的抗噪性能不好。提出一种基于强边缘保留和误差补偿编码的数字热成像中噪点信息矢量量化算法。用量化误差补偿法对量化的热成像进行补偿,消除当前图像块的瑕疵特征点,提高误差补偿编码处理精度。仿真表明,本算法对数字热成像噪点信息的矢量量化效果较好,去噪性能优越,进行矢量量化处理后,实现噪点去除,PSNR值较传统方法都有明显提高,提高对图像目标的识别性能,较传统方法优越。     

相控阵技术在水下超声成像中的应用初探

讨论了水下超声成像技术研究的必要性，分析了国内外目前水下航行器中声呐的发展现状，并对相控阵技术及其适用于水下超声成像的发展状况进行了研究，展望了水下超声相控成像技术的发展趋势。还提出了相控阵超声成像的系统构成以及其中应用的关键技术指标，为水下超声成像的研究奠定了理论基础。     

由影像“恶搞”看网民的图像素养

文章有针对性地论述了“恶搞”的表现形式,认为当代公众的图像素养遭遇到“恶搞”的考验;图像素养的内涵,强调的不仅是“看懂”,更是要求公众把握图像与现实世界的关系并建立起相应的责任感;肆意泛滥的恶搞对网民尤其是青少年有严重危害,培养他们良好的图像素养才能更好地把握“恶搞”的实质,批判地对待网络恶搞。     

智能时代的脑科学与类脑智能研究

以智能科技为核心技术、智能算力为生产力的智能时代再次把脑科学推向世界科学与技术前沿。脑科学是研究人、动物和机器的认知与智能的本质和规律的科学。对神经系统结构和功能联结规律进行全面解析将最终绘制成脑功能联结图谱,近10多年来神经科学研究致力于系统性地解析神经系统的神经元类型和神经结构连接,在单细胞转录组分析、神经网络结构示踪等技术推动下取得了阶段性进展。解析人类大脑这一最为复杂的信息和智能系统,会启迪类脑智能理论和类脑智能技术,即脑科学/神经科学启发的智能理论和技术。在智能时代,脑科学研究的多学科交叉研究范式促使脑机接口、类脑智能计算等类脑智能研究领域加入脑科学。脑机接口的神经解码和编码技术为绘制人脑功能神经网络图谱提供了重要的功能研究技术和方法,并且可探索在脑疾病临床诊治上的应用。类脑计算正成为脑科学研究的一种新范式,借鉴脑处理信息和学习的基本原理发展高能效、高速和智能的新型类脑计算系统,利用发展的类脑计算系统可以加速发展脑模拟和数字大脑,促进理解大脑运行机制和治疗脑疾病,发展数字脑科学和脑医学。新近出现的脉冲神经网络智能处理器为构建大规模类脑智能计算系统奠定了基础,未来类脑超级算力极可能超过人类大脑算力,影响智能科技变革和人类社会发展。     

Fetal growth,fetal development,and placental features in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: analysis based on fetal and placental magnetic resonance imaging

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in reproductive-aged women, may be involved in compromised pregnancy and offspring outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal PCOS affects fetal growth, fetal development, and placental features. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 60 pregnant women with PCOS (PCOS group) and 120 healthy pregnant women without PCOS (control group). Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed followed by an ultrasound examination and indications for imaging, including known or suspected fetal pathology, history of fetal abnormality in previous pregnancy or in a family member, and concern for placenta accreta. Fetal MRI images were analyzed for head circumference (HC), abdomen circumference (AC), lung-to-liver signal intensity ratio (LLSIR, a prenatal marker of fetal lung maturity), lengths of liver and kidney diameters in fetuses, and placental relative signal intensity on T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE) imaging (rSI_SSFSE), and placental relative apparent diffusion coefficient value (rADC). Data on height and weight of offspring were collected through telephone follow-up. Results: Compared to the control group, the PCOS group showed the following characteristics: (1) smaller biparietal diameter and femur length in fetuses (P=0.026 and P=0.005, respectively), (2) smaller HC in fetuses (evident after 32 weeks; P=0.044), (3) lower LLSIR and smaller dorsoventral length of liver in fetuses (evident before 32 weeks; P=0.005 and P=0.019, respectively), and (4) smaller placental thickness (evident before 32 weeks; P=0.017). No significant differences in placental rSI_SSFSE or rADC were observed between the groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences in height and weight of offspring during childhood existed between the groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: There exist alterations of fetal growth, fetal development, and placental features from women with PCOS.     

Reliability and validity of depth camera 3D scanning to determine thigh volume

Gross thigh volume is a key anthropometric variable to predict sport performance and health. Currently, it is either estimated by using the frustum method, which is prone to high inter-and intra-observer error, or using medical imaging, which is expensive and time consuming. Depth camera 3D-imaging systems offer a cheap alternative to measure thigh volume but no between-session reliability or comparison to medical imaging has been made. This experiment established between-session reliability and examined agreement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Forty-eight male cyclists had their thigh volume measured by the depth camera system on two occasions to establish between-session reliability. A subset of 32 participants also had lower body MRIs, through which agreement between the depth camera system and MRI was established. The results showed low between-session variability (CV = 1.7%; Absolute Typical Error = 112 cm³) when measuring thigh volume using the depth camera system. The depth camera systematically measured gross thigh volume 32.6cm³ lower than MRI. These results suggest that depth camera 3D-imaging systems are reliable tools for measuring thigh volume and show good agreement with MRI scanners, providing a cheap and time-saving alternative to medical imaging analysis.     

新型水溶性AgBiS2纳米颗粒在光热、放射治疗与活体成像中的应用

贵金属纳米材料与高Z元素纳米材料都是生物无机材料领域的重要研究对象,而同时包含两者的三元硫化物AgBiS₂纳米颗粒是首次被用于生物医疗领域。制备一种经PEG修饰的水溶性AgBiS₂纳米颗粒,并通过体外测试、细胞实验以及小鼠活体成像,证明该材料具有良好的光热杀伤、放疗增敏产生ROS与DNA损伤以及光声与CT成像能力。     

基于改进布谷鸟搜索的卫星成像规划方法

针对多卫星区域目标的成像规划问题,提出一种基于改进布谷鸟搜索的卫星成像规划方法。为最大限度地利用卫星资源,首先基于卫星的单次过境活动将区域目标按条带分解,然后考虑卫星姿态约束、传感器使用约束、过境时间约束、成像时云量及光照约束等,建立约束满足模型,针对模型设计编码和更新策略,并在布谷鸟搜索算法中引入非线性惯性权重对其进行改进,最后采用改进的布谷鸟搜索算法求解约束满足模型。求解结果表明,与遗传算法相比,本文算法的收敛性好、目标完成率高且稳定性强,验证了该算法的有效性。     

脑成像技术在心理学中的应用

介绍了ERP、MEG、PET、fMRI等几种脑成像技术,对脑功能成像技术的应用进行了回顾,分析了脑成像技术在心理学研究中的优势与局限性,并展望了今后的发展趋势。