Using socio-dramatic play to support a beginning writer: ‘Daniel,the doctor and the bleeding ball’

This article reports on a case study of a young child (aged five) at a very early stage of his journey as a writer, evidencing ‘pre-alphabetic tendencies’, who has not yet internalised the construction of his name. Analysis of a ‘baseline’ piece of Daniel's writing demonstrates his awareness that the production of random letters conveys a simple message. However, Daniel does not recognise yet the relationship between spoken language and the corresponding grapheme–phonemes. At present he is not making the connections between his aural, oral and visual concepts of how words as text are constructed. In addressing the development of early years writing, the practitioner should be aware of the learning needs of the child as the child develops as an emerging writer in a highly complex problem-solving activity. The complexity of the structural and developmental processes needed to become a writer requires that the child is taught not within a predominantly whole-class structure with its demands for completion within fast-paced time limits. The emerging writer requires sustained recursive opportunities to engage with the experiences, which take the child from the steps of ‘mark making’ to the abstractions of written composition. The decision was made to use the strategy of socio-dramatic play as the framework for the intervention with Daniel. The use of a play/literacy connection (socio-dramatic play) serves to unlock and support the child's writing/spelling development. The child is being supported in his development by the teacher strategically easing the cognitive load, i.e. in this case, through scribing for the child.     

Parental strategies to scaffold emergent writing skills in the pre‐school child within the home environment

Joint writing activities between parent and child can enhance literacy skills in young children. This paper describes the strategies used by a mother to scaffold her daughter’s alphabet letter shaping, word and story writing in the years before formal schooling. The strategies included identifying alphabet letters embedded in environmental print and books, tracing letter shapes with fingers whilst using directional language, and using whole‐arm movements to form letter shapes in the air. Writing samples and examples of parent–child interactions were collected at three to four years of age and are described within the framework of Gentry’s writing stages. The joint writing techniques and activities illustrated in this case study emphasise the use of letter names and letter shapes and may provide effective strategies for parents and early childhood educators to scaffold emergent writing development in young children.     

论1949-1976年中国文学的自然书写

文学如何书写自然,往往最能彰显它的精神品质。1949-1976年间中国文学的自然书写,基本立场是极端的人类中心主义,生态意识除了在牛汉等人的潜在写作中尚有一定的表现外,整体性的生态视野基本沦丧。这无疑是革命意识形态与生态意识冲突的显示,这需要我们做出及时的清理与反思。     

谈演讲稿写作技巧

演讲稿是演讲者为演讲活动撰写的文稿,其质量的高低直接影响着演讲的成败。除内容本身的因素外,演讲稿的撰写应特别注意把握一些写作技巧。如,采用夹叙夹议的写作方法、注重表达方式的调整变化、巧用不同的句式句型、善用比喻手法等,以求得演讲的有声有色、起伏变化。如此,才能吸引和感染听众,达到良好的演讲效果。     

鲁迅文学写作教育思想初探

鲁迅文学写作教育思想包括:文学功用在于改变国民精神;写作主体要冲破一切传统思想与手法;作者以政治思想素质为根本;人物创造宜采取"杂取合成"法和"画眼"法;语言表现力求易懂;习作要先求内容的充实和技巧的上达;反对文学批评的"捧杀"与"骂杀".     

“书仪”内容辨正

有关＂书仪＂的内容,学界存在两种不同的看法。一种看法认为书仪是写信的程式和范本,供人模仿和套用;另一种看法认为书仪是兼有书札体式和典礼仪注内容的著作。检讨敦煌写卷中保存的十余种书仪,我们发现,就＂书仪＂原有的意义来看,第一种看法是正确的,典礼仪注部分中唐以后才被附加到少数书仪中。     

Evaluation of an intervention to help students avoid unintentional plagiarism by improving their authorial identity

Students with poorly developed authorial identity may be at risk of unintentional plagiarism. An instructional intervention designed specifically to improve authorial identity was delivered to 364 psychology students at three post‐1992 universities in London, UK, and evaluated with before‐and‐after measures of beliefs and attitudes about academic authorship, using the Student Authorship Questionnaire. Changes in questionnaire scores showed that the intervention led to significantly increased confidence in writing, understanding of authorship, knowledge to avoid plagiarism, and top‐down approaches to writing, and significantly decreased bottom‐up and pragmatic approaches to writing. For understanding of authorship, knowledge to avoid plagiarism and pragmatic approaches to writing, significant intervention by year of study interaction effects showed that the greatest improvements were among year one undergraduates. Direct evaluative feedback showed that 86% of students believed the intervention helped them avoid plagiarism and 66% believed it helped them write better assignments. Post‐intervention focus groups revealed changed student understandings about authorial identity and academic writing. The results show that interventions can help students avoid unintentional plagiarism by adopting more authorial roles in their academic writing. Further research could explore other influences on authorial identity, and examine the impact of authorial identity interventions on other outcome indicators.     

写作能力的培养从家庭教育开始

学生主观的写作恐惧情绪,客观的词句贫乏无话可说,起源都在于家庭教育。家庭教育中,家长进行孩子启蒙教育的开始,与孩子交流的言语习惯、思维习惯都已是在潜移默化地影响了孩子的语言与思维,这两点也直接地影响了将来孩子在写作中语句、内容、情感、观点的几大写作要素的发展。因此,以家庭教育为入口,从根本上解决写作难的问题具有现实意义。     

二战中欧洲战场唯一的中国特写作家——萧乾

萧乾的人生经历具有传奇色彩,他出身贫寒,但通过努力最终成为二战风云中唯一的中国战地记者;他的新闻特写融入文学笔法,引人入胜,可读性很强;他在长期的新闻工作中,总结出许多宝贵的采写经验和新闻理念,对于今天的新闻工作者依然有着指导和借鉴作用。     

在特定的语境中输出预期的句型——英语句型模仿写作明示教学实证研究结论之一

本文报告了一项由90名贵阳学院非英语专业一年级大学生参加的实证研究,目的在于检验句型模仿教学法在非英语大学写作教学中的作用。该实证研究的结论之一是：句型模仿教学法能使非英语专业大学生在特定的语境中通过输出更多带有现成句型的句子从而提高句型输出的多样性。